PHYSICS TOPICS: TRANSFORMING DEMONSTRATION METHODS FROM CLASSICAL EXPERIMENTS TO DIGITAL SIMULATION

Abstract

This study investigates the transformation of demonstration practices in physics education from classical hands-on experiments to digital simulations and modelling tools. Using a systematic literature review based on the PRISMA framework, 85 peer-reviewed publications from the Scopus database were analysed to identify methodological trends, technological developments, and pedagogical impacts. The findings reveal a sustained increase in research interest, with a notable surge after 2019 driven by the global transition to online learning. Geographical analysis indicates that research output is concentrated in North America and Western Europe, while East Asia shows rapid growth and Central Asia remains underrepresented. The thematic analysis identifies three dominant clusters: classical physics demonstrations, mechanics-based instructional setups, and digitally enhanced pedagogical innovations. The review concludes that integrating traditional experiments with digital modelling provides optimal learning outcomes by combining tactile experience with enhanced visualisation, flexibility, and conceptual clarity. The study contributes a comprehensive synthesis of the field and highlights the need for balanced hybrid instructional models that leverage both physical and digital environments in modern physics education.