Arab Thinkers and the Early Concepts of Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

This paper explores the contributions of prominent Arab and Islamic thinkers to the early conceptual foundations of what modern science can interpret as precursors of Artificial Intelligence (AI). From Al-Kindi to Ibn Khaldun, these scholars developed concepts of intellect, automated devices, and systemic knowledge. Their works reflect an early understanding of cognitive processes, information processing, and self-organization, which are realized today in digital and intelligent systems.