HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE POLITICAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF FINANCIAL « PEREQUATION » IN MADAGASCAR

Abstract

The evolution of Madagascar’ socio-political and legal framework reflects a dynamic marked by significant transitions from the pre-colonial era to contemporary times. Historically, Madagascar experienced fragmented political structures with autonomous kingdoms of diverse identities. The colonial period introduced administrative centralization, laying the foundation for the current legal framework, while the post-independence periods were characterized by successive constitutional reforms aimed at strengthening local governance.
This paper explores the impact of these transitions on the decentralization process, focusing particularly on financial equalization. This mechanism, designed to reduce territorial disparities through equitable resource redistribution, continues to face legal and operational challenges. A critical analysis of legal texts, adopted strategies, and international experiences highlights structural and institutional obstacles.
The study concludes with the need for comprehensive reforms to strengthen the legal framework, enhance the efficiency of equalization mechanisms, and ensure balanced territorial development. By adopting an inclusive approach and leveraging international best practices, Madagascar could establish a more robust local governance system adapted to its contemporary realities.