THE BALKAN REGION AS A GEOPOLITICAL SPACE

Abstract

            This article presents an analysis of the Balkan region as a geopolitical space. The study aims to examine the historical, geographical, political, and economic characteristics of the region, as well as the interests of international actors. The Balkan Peninsula, located in southeastern Europe and bordered by the Black Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Adriatic Sea, occupies a strategic position at the crossroads of major transit corridors. This location makes the region a focal point for both transportation and energy routes connecting Europe with Asia and the Middle East, as well as a site of competition among major powers. The article analyzes the geopolitical features of the Balkans, including its ethnic and religious diversity, energy and economic potential, and the challenges the region faces. Global and regional actors such as the European Union, NATO, Russia, Turkey, and China seek to advance their interests in the Balkans, increasing its strategic importance. At the same time, ethnic tensions, political fragmentation, and security risks remain key factors affecting regional stability. Both classical geopolitical theories (Mackinder, Spykman, Mahan) and contemporary approaches are addressed in the study. The future prospects of the Balkans are linked to regional cooperation, the development of energy projects, and political and economic reforms. The article is relevant not only for academic research but also for practical decision-making in international politics and security. In conclusion, the Balkan region remains a geopolitical space at the intersection of challenges and opportunities, and its analysis is essential for understanding both regional and global politics.