Нутриционный статус детей раннего возраста со стенозом гортани

Abstract

Background

Laryngeal stenosis in early childhood is a serious condition often associated with respiratory compromise and increased metabolic demands. These children are at high risk for both acute and chronic malnutrition due to breathing difficulties, increased energy expenditure, and reduced feeding efficiency. Despite the clinical importance of this condition, data on the nutritional status of infants with laryngeal stenosis remain limited. Understanding the prevalence and structure of nutritional disorders in this group is essential for improving clinical management and implementing early nutritional interventions.

Objective

To assess the nutritional status of children under five years of age who were hospitalized due to laryngeal stenosis.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of 95 medical records of children younger than five years hospitalized with laryngeal stenosis was performed. Physical development parameters were evaluated using the 2006 World Health Organization standards, including weight‑for‑age (WAZ), height‑for‑age (HAZ), and weight‑for‑height (WHZ) indicators. Nutritional insufficiency was defined as a Z‑score below −2 standard deviations. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Pearson’s chi‑square test, Fisher’s exact test, and logistic regression.

Results

Weight deficiency (WAZ < −2 SD) was identified in 28.1% of children, while stunting (HAZ < −2 SD) was detected in 24.0%. Overall, 29.1% of patients were diagnosed with malnutrition. Only 19.8% of children received additional enteral nutritional support during hospitalization. The findings demonstrate a high prevalence of both acute and chronic malnutrition among children with laryngeal stenosis, indicating insufficient attention to nutritional therapy in this population.

Conclusion

Children hospitalized with laryngeal stenosis show a high prevalence of acute and chronic malnutrition. These results highlight the importance of mandatory nutritional screening at admission to the otolaryngology department and underscore the need for timely nutritional support to optimize clinical outcomes.