Comparative Analysis of Personal Data Protection Methods in the Context of Increasing Cyberattacks

Abstract

The increasing frequency and sophistication of cyberattacks have exposed structural weaknesses in the way personal data protection mechanisms are designed and implemented. Security strategies are often evaluated through individual controls such as encryption, authentication systems, or compliance frameworks. However, recent cyber incidents suggest that vulnerabilities frequently arise not from the absence of specific mechanisms, but from insufficient coordination among them.

This study develops the Protection Coherence Model (PCM) as a comparative analytical framework for evaluating personal data protection strategies. The model examines integration depth, identity dependency exposure, governance alignment, and adaptive resilience across technical, organizational, and regulatory dimensions. Rather than assessing security mechanisms in isolation, the analysis focuses on how these components interact within distributed and identity-centric threat environments.

The findings indicate that protection effectiveness depends less on the strength of individual controls and more on structural coherence across security layers. Organizations that maintain continuous alignment between architecture, governance processes, and regulatory expectations demonstrate higher resilience under evolving cyberattack conditions. The study contributes a structured comparative perspective aimed at strengthening systemic protection in complex digital infrastructures.