Study of soil fertility in the context of modern global climate change

Abstract

Soils are a variety of natural resources and are the product of long-term biological transformation of one or another soil. Land is an invaluable gift of nature, which represents the inexhaustible wealth of people, land is an irreplaceable resource.

Under reasonable, rational, agricultural conditions, the soil undergoes “cultivation” and acquires properties that are not characteristic of natural soil. The soil is mercilessly depleted as a result of natural and anthropogenic impacts. The soil acquires negative properties, undergoes degradation, disintegrates, washes away or completely disappears (erosion, salinization, siltation, etc.).

Today, Georgia is given crucial importance in maintaining the optimal state of the environment. Which is due to a number of factors, namely: the country's complex relief, intensive exploitation of natural resources and, which is very important, the negative factor of modern climate change, namely: frequent, increased intense natural disasters (floods, flash floods, strong winds, frequent droughts, etc.), which directly cause the degradation of natural ecosystems, soil erosion, desertification of territories.

The process of soil degradation is currently activated, which occurs several hundred times faster than its formation. Soil degradation is understood as the process of deterioration of its fertility as a result of intensive human impact.