Industry 4.0 and its applicability in the manufacturing sector of Kazakhstan

Abstract

The article discusses the theoretical and applied aspects of the implementation of the concept of Industry 4.0 in the manufacturing sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The first part is devoted to the evolution of the Industry 4.0 concept, revealing its key elements, including cyber-physical systems, the Internet of Things, big data and artificial intelligence. The second part of the article focuses on the current state of Kazakhstan's industrial sector, analyzing the level of digitalization, human resources and infrastructure constraints. The third part presents the international experience of implementing Industry 4.0, including examples from OECD countries, Eastern Europe and Asia, with an emphasis on institutional and technological models. The final part formulates practical recommendations for adapting Industry 4.0 to the conditions of the Kazakh economy, taking into account institutional specifics, barriers and strategic priorities. Special attention is paid to the results of a survey of manufacturing industry workers and an analysis of government digitalization programs. The results of the study emphasize the need for an integrated approach, including the development of human capital, modernization of equipment and stimulation of innovative activity of enterprises