Determination of heavy metals in fish organs, water and sediments from lake reservoir and study biochemical analysis in liver

Abstract

In the present study, HMs, bottom sediments, and HMs from commercial fish organs from Lake Balkhash were determined. By the recent time of Balkhash, there was a case of a reservoir for drinking and domestic water supply, which is important for the development of the fishery industry in Kazakhstan. However, now the ecological state of the reservoir has deteriorated. In the studied water sources, an excess of MPC was revealed for fishery reservoirs in the series: Cu > Co > Pb > Ni > Cr > Zn for sediments: Cu > Zn > Co > Pb > Fe > Ni > Cr > Mn > Cd. The occurrence in the lake near the BGMK (Balkhash Mining and Metallurgical Combine), as well as in the Bertys both in water and in sediments, revealed the most identified HMs. And according to the content of HM from the organs of commercial fish (asp, roach, carp) in the gills and liver from Balkash near the BGMK of Bertys, they exceed the MPC standards respectively in: Cu - 3.8 - 7.0 times and 4. 0 -6.0 times; Co 5.7 - 12.7 times and 5.7 - 9.0 times; Pb 2.9 - 6.0 times and 3.2 - 5.9 times; Ni - 5.1 - 8.2 times and 4.2 - 6.1 times. Biotesting of the main pollutants (heavy metals) showed that Cu, Co and Pb cause 10 MPC mortality of zebrafish embryos, as well as teratogenic effects in the form of developmental delay, axial curvature, microcephaly, edema, and abnormal eye development. Cyto-embryotoxic effect of water from the studied areas of Balkash of the internal activity of LPO processes and a decrease in the activity of enzymes of antioxidant protection of cells. At the same time, it was shown that water and sediments from the BGMK and turned out to have a stronger toxic effect in young fish compared to young fish from Torangalyk.