SOUTH CAUCASUS: PROBLEMS OF STATES AND SOCIETIES

Abstract

The South Caucasus, which includes Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia, faces a number of complex challenges related to security, political stability, and economic development. There are rapid changes in the strategic situation in the South Caucasus, especially after recent events related to the conflicts in the region. The region is still a zone of geopolitical tension, where key issues are related to conflicts, distribution and communications of energy resources and the influence of external forces.: Russia, Turkey, Iran, the EU and the USA. In 2023, Azerbaijan restored its territorial integrity, but this did not affect the softening of the internal policy of the authorities. The Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh (NK) have moved to Armenia, which has now become the leader of the region's democratic transformations. Georgia, in the visible presence of the punitive machine of the Russian Federation, is transforming its democratic institutions and reducing the pace of progress towards the EU and NATO due to the revival of the issue of restoring territorial integrity.