THE EVOLUTION OF THE THEORY OF SOCIAL IDENTITY IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION

Abstract

This article explores the evolution of the theory of social identity in the context of globalization. The phenomenon of identity has become central to modern sociology and social theory due to increasing pressures on personal and collective identity across the globe. The study examines classical and contemporary approaches to identity, including psychodynamic, sociological, and integrative frameworks, and outlines how Western, Soviet, Russian, and Kazakhstani scholars have contributed to identity discourse. Special attention is paid to the Kazakh context, including post-Soviet transformations, repatriation, diaspora relations, and the semantic and political implications of the term oralman. The article demonstrates the importance of rethinking identity theory in relation to nation-building and social integration in a multiethnic society