Modern Scientific Technology

Teacher Perspectives on Integrating Artificial Intelligence into English Language Classrooms

2026-07-26T22:03:00+00:00

Generative artificial intelligence tools have moved rapidly from novelty to everyday presence in language classrooms, yet teachers remain the decisive variable in whether this technology improves English language instruction or simply adds noise to it. This short article synthesizes recent research on English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers' perceptions of AI integration and proposes a compact study design for examining how teacher attitudes, confidence, and institutional support jointly shape classroom adoption. The review finds that teachers are generally positive toward AI in principle but express a persistent gap between enthusiasm and practical readiness, driven by uneven training, ethical uncertainty, and concerns about the erosion of their pedagogical role. A brief mixed-methods survey-and-interview design is proposed to examine these dynamics within a single language department, aimed at generating actionable guidance for professional development rather than broad generalization. The article closes with practical recommendations for institutions seeking to support teachers through this transition.

İnklüziv təhsil mühitində müəllim hazırlığı və fərdi yanaşma bacarıqlarının inkişafı

2026-07-27T02:18:40+00:00

inklüziv təhsil, müəllim hazırlığı, fərdi yanaşma, pedaqoji bacarıqlar, differensial təlim, xüsusi qayğıya ehtiyacı olan uşaqlar, təhsil bərabərliyi.

Müasir dünya təhsil sisteminin ən mühüm prioritetlərindən biri hər bir fərdin keyfiyyətli təhsil almaq hüququnun təmin edilməsidir. Bu kontekstdə inklüziv təhsil, fiziki, psixoloji, sosial və ya digər xüsusiyyətlərindən asılı olmayaraq, bütün uşaqların ümumtəhsil prosesinə inteqrasiyasını nəzərdə tutan humanitar və pedaqoji bir yanaşmadır. Təhsil mühitində inklüzivliyin uğurla tətbiq olunması birbaşa olaraq bu prosesi idarə edən mütəxəssislərdən – müəllimlərdən asılıdır.

Ənənəvi təhsil sistemləri çox vaxt "orta statistik şagird" profilinə yönəldiyi halda, inklüziv mühit müəllimdən tamamilə fərqli bir yanaşma tələb edir. Müasir sinif otaqlarında öyrənmə çətinliyi olan, istedadlı, autizm spektr pozuntusu və ya fiziki məhdudiyyəti olan uşaqlar bir arada təhsil alırlar. Bu rəngarənglik fonunda müəllim hazırlığı və onların fərdi yanaşma bacarıqlarının inkişaf etdirilməsi sadəcə bir ehtiyac deyil, həm də müasir dövrün təxirəsalınmaz tələbidir. Bu məqalədə inklüziv təhsil mühitində müəllimlərin peşəkar hazırlıq səviyyəsi, fərdi yanaşma strategiyaları və bu bacarıqların inkişaf etdirilməsi yolları elmi-pedaqoji müstəvidə təhlil olunur.İnklüziv təhsil sadəcə xüsusi ehtiyaclı uşaqların sinif otağına fiziki olaraq yerləşdirilməsi deyil. Bu, məktəb mədəniyyətinin, kurikulumun və təlim metodlarının şagirdlərin müxtəlifliyinə uyğunlaşdırılması prosesidir.

Teachers’ role in modern educational system with artificial intelligence supplies

2026-07-27T01:48:39+00:00

Artificial intelligence technologies offer great promise with their capacity to mimic human intelligence. They have become widespread in many areas of our lives, from cookies in web browsers to voice assistants on smartphones and self-driving cars. In the context of education, these technologies can contribute to improving predictive and self-regulated learning by offering students free and personalized learning pathways or helping teachers better understand their students' needs and abilities. However, the complexity and interdisciplinary nature of the AI field in education have led to conflicting views on the benefits and obstacles of these technologies. Some challenges still hinder the mass adoption of AI in national education systems across Europe. These challenges include ethical concerns, lack of agreement and policy guidelines, and conflicting views on data usage. Therefore, research is still needed to understand whether AI can achieve its ultimate goal of providing quality education opportunities to more students without jeopardizing children's safety. There has been a long-standing debate within the scientific community regarding the definition of Artificial Intelligence. Since the field's inception, various theoretical approaches to the essence and reproducibility of intelligence have proliferated. According to many experts, when the concept of intelligence is considered from a narrow perspective, it is observed that almost every expert has their own unique definition of intelligence.

Digital Analytics in the AI Era: Comparative Analysis of 15 Marketing Models and Their Effectiveness

2026-07-26T20:48:48+00:00

The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into digital marketing has fundamentally transformed how organizations apply and evaluate marketing models. This paper presents a systematic comparative analysis of 15 of the most widely cited marketing models, selected through bibliometric analysis of Google Scholar data, alongside review of major textbooks, university syllabi, and professional resources from HubSpot, McKinsey, Forrester, and Google Digital Garage. The 15 models are classified into three functional categories — audit, planning, and strategy — and analyzed for their core functions, empirical application contexts, and adaptation potential under AI-driven digital analytics conditions. The paper further draws on primary research conducted among Georgian companies and consumers (n=275), providing an emerging-economy perspective on model adoption rates and limitations. Findings reveal that while classical models such as AIDA, 4Ps, and STP remain foundational, AI-era tools demand their integration with data-driven frameworks such as RACE, TAM, and the See-Think-Do-Care model. The paper concludes by proposing an updated classification matrix that links each model to specific AI analytics capabilities, offering both academic and practical value for marketers navigating the digital transformation landscape.

Федеративное обучение, как инструмент противодействия мошенничеству в банковском секторе. Обзор подходов

2026-07-26T21:56:25+00:00

В статье рассматриваются возможности применения технологии Federated Learning (FL) для повышения эффективности выявления банковского мошенничества, основанного на методах социальной инженерии, таких как телефонное мошенничество, фишинговые атаки и схемы с использованием поддельных сотрудников банков или государственных органов. Особое внимание уделено проблеме ограниченного обмена данными между банками, обусловленного требованиями законодательства о защите персональной информации. Федеративное обучение позволяет нескольким банкам совместно обучать модели машинного обучения без передачи исходных клиентских данных, что открывает новые возможности для повышения качества обнаружения мошеннических операций.

Исследование основано на анализе научных публикаций, опубликованных в 2016–2025 годах. Результаты показывают, что Federated Learning обладает значительным потенциалом для решения проблемы недостатка данных о мошеннических операциях, однако существующие исследования имеют ряд существенных ограничений. Во-первых, большинство разработанных моделей ориентировано на выявление мошенничества с банковскими картами и компрометацией учетных записей, тогда как мошенничество, основанное на социальной инженерии, остается недостаточно изученным. Во-вторых, вопросы обеспечения конфиденциальности в процессе совместного обучения моделей требуют дальнейшего развития. В-третьих, объяснимость принимаемых моделью решений чаще рассматривается как дополнительный элемент системы, а не как обязательный компонент архитектуры. Наконец, практически отсутствуют исследования, посвященные организационным и управленческим механизмам межбанковского сотрудничества при использовании федеративного обучения.

Для устранения выявленных ограничений предложена концептуальная модель HybridFL-XAI, объединяющая федеративное обучение и методы объяснимого искусственного интеллекта. Предлагаемая архитектура может служить основой для разработки межбанковских антифрод-систем нового поколения, обеспечивающих эффективное обнаружение мошенничества при соблюдении требований к конфиденциальности данных, прозрачности алгоритмических решений и взаимодействию участников.

Service Quality, Visitor Satisfaction and Sustainable Management Challenges in the “Tetra” Cave (Imereti, Georgia)

2026-07-26T21:58:43+00:00

The article discusses the tourist potential of the natural monument — the “Tetra” Cave — and its specific physical-geographical, speleotherapy and historical-archaeological characteristics. The paper pays special attention to the innovative enogastronomic concept of the facility, which involves wine tasting and tasting in the cave.

Within the framework of the mixed research design (Mixed Methods), 570 visitors were interviewed using the principle of probabilistic, random sampling. Based on empirical data, the socio-demographic profile of the respondents, travel motivation and service quality components (speed of service, guide professionalism, tourist infrastructure and ecological safety) were analyzed according to the Likert scale.

The study revealed a high level of visitor satisfaction and loyalty (77%), however, at the same time, it identified systemic challenges in the areas of infrastructure arrangement, ecological management and safety information briefing. At the end of the article, based on the obtained statistical analysis, practical recommendations are formulated for sustainable management of the cave and optimization of service quality.

Financial Management and the Essence of Crisis Processes at an Enterprise

2026-07-27T01:23:23+00:00

The article examines the features of financial management, the causes of crisis processes at an enterprise, and methods for improving financial stability

Factors of Financial Crisis Emergence at an Enterprise

2026-07-27T01:28:07+00:00

The article is devoted to the study of the factors contributing to the emergence of financial crises at an enterprise. The internal and external causes of crisis phenomena, their impact on the financial stability of an organization, as well as the main directions for preventing and overcoming crisis situations are examined

Methodological Tools for Studying the Financial Condition of an Enterprise

2026-07-27T01:31:49+00:00

The article is devoted to the study of methodological tools for assessing the financial condition of an enterprise. Modern methods of analysis, indicators of financial stability, and approaches to diagnosing the efficiency of an organization’s activities are considered

SCORING SYSTEM FOR LOAN DECISION IN BANKING SYSTEM FOR SME

2026-07-27T02:15:44+00:00

The surrounding economic reality, the provision of loans, has made risk management a complex decision-making problem, increasingly making credit scoring issues an important tool for the development of all participants in this process. The analysis shows that the most significant impact on the financial result of the bank is the introduction of an improved credit scoring system, which is possible through the digitalization of customer interaction with a credit institution. The review covers ways to improve the banking credit scoring system. The paper examines research and peer review results. The solutions of both the traditional credit scoring approach and the advanced approach based on artificial intelligence and machine learning are studied.

TRUST–INTERACTION–PURCHASE PATHWAYS IN LIVE E-COMMERCE: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM ‘YU HUI TONG XING’

2026-07-27T02:21:57+00:00

Live-streaming commerce converts social attention into transactions as trust reduces uncertainty, interaction supplies diagnostic and emotional cues, and purchasing feeds back into trust. This study examines that pathway in the Douyin account ‘Yu Hui Tong Xing’ (与辉同行), launched on 9 January 2024. It uses only public, auditable observations from the live room, established business media, and third-party monitoring platforms. Trust is proxied by follower accumulation and audience continuity; interaction by viewers, concurrent audience, chat messages, likes, and stream frequency; and purchase by units and reported gross merchandise value (GMV). Across launch, day 15, day 50, and year one, the account recorded 53.574 million launch viewers, 1.177 million average concurrent viewers, 114,000 messages, over one million units, and at least RMB150 million GMV. Cumulative GMV exceeded RMB627 million by day 15, approached RMB1.3 billion by day 50, and surpassed RMB9.3 billion across about 621 first-year streams. Overall, the findings support a descriptive, mechanism-consistent—not causal—trust–interaction–purchase pathway for this highly visible empirical case

An Overview of Legal Stays in the Slovak Republic in 2024 and 2025

2026-07-26T18:24:33+00:00

This paper presents a statistical overview of legal stays in the Slovak Republic for 2024 and the first half of 2025, drawing on data from the Praesidium of the Police Corps and the Bureau of Border and Alien Police. At the end of 2024, a total of 337,140 persons held valid residence in Slovakia, an increase of 8.3% year-on-year, of whom 281,648 were third-country nationals. Ukrainian nationals accounted for approximately 70% of all valid third-country national stays, predominantly under tolerated residence in the form of temporary refuge. Among newly granted stays, business and employment purposes dominated temporary residence, reflecting sustained structural demand in Slovakia's labour market. Border crossing data show that 3.78 million persons legally crossed Slovakia's external borders in 2024, with air border traffic growing markedly — up 6.7% in 2024 and 18.1% in the first half of 2025 year-on-year, accompanied by a rising share of third-country nationals. The paper discusses policy implications relating to the integration of displaced Ukrainians and labour migration governance, and digital border management capacity. It concludes that Slovakia is undergoing a structural shift in its migration profile and that sustained policy investment will be required to manage both humanitarian and economic migration flows in the medium term.

TRANSNATIONAL FINANCIAL FRAUD IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION: INSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGES OF KAZAKHSTAN AND INTERNATIONAL COUNTERMEASURES

2026-07-26T20:38:14+00:00

The article examines transnational financial fraud as an institutional security challenge emerging in the context of Kazakhstan’s accelerated digitalization. The study argues that the spread of mobile payments, digital public services, remote identification, platform-based communication, and cross-border financial instruments has changed not only the scale of fraudulent activity, but also its organizational logic. Contemporary fraud schemes increasingly combine social engineering, spoofed communications, foreign hosting, money-mule networks, crypto-asset conversion, and international payment routes. As a result, the effectiveness of counteraction depends less on isolated technical barriers than on the ability of institutions to coordinate in real time. The purpose of the article is to explain why digital financial fraud acquires a transnational character in Kazakhstan and to identify foreign institutional mechanisms that may be adapted to national practice. The study uses qualitative comparative institutional analysis based on policy documents, official reports, and academic literature on cybercrime, fraud victimization, governance capacity, and collaborative regulation. The article develops the concept of a digitalization-capacity gap, understood as the mismatch between the speed of criminal adaptation in digital ecosystems and the speed of institutional prevention, information exchange, urgent intervention, and cross-border cooperation. The results show that Kazakhstan’s key vulnerabilities are temporal, informational, organizational, and jurisdictional. The comparative assessment of Singapore, the European Union, and the United States demonstrates the value of shared responsibility models, threat-intelligence platforms, complaint-based analytics, and rapid-response coordination. The article concludes that Kazakhstan requires an integrated anti-fraud governance architecture linking financial regulators, banks, telecom operators, law-enforcement bodies, digital platforms, and international partners.

From Authoritative Pronouncement to Dialogic Repair: Digital Leadership and Public Resonance in Corporate Crisis Communication

2026-07-27T02:14:43+00:00

Digital platform has fundamentally changed enterprise crisis communication and changed crisis interpretation from organizational control to continuous public negotiation. Though the existing researches have extensively investigated crisis coping strategies and digital leadership, relatively little attention has been paid to how business leaders modify organizational discourse to cope with the ever-changing public interpretation. In order to solve this gap, this study investigates how digital leadership makes the organization change from authoritative statement to dialogue repair during the enterprise crisis. Using a retrospective multi-case design, this study compares three high-profile corporate crises, involving United Airlines, Facebook's Cambridge Analytica scandal, and Starbucks' Philadelphia incident. The analysis is based on a selected online corpus of 42 public texts related to the event, including company statements, executive communications, media reports, regulatory documents and public discourse. By comparative qualitative analysis, this study found a common process of connecting closed authoritative meaning, public anti-frame, discourse dislocation, dialogue repair and differentiated public resonance. The results show that the initial response of enterprises often fails, not because of insufficient information, but because the definition of crisis is different from that of the affected public. Only when organizations recognize the legitimacy of public experience, expand the responsibility from individuals to organizational systems, and institutionalize corrective measures through observable organizational changes will dialogue repair be effective. In this study, three kinds of repair trajectories-forced reversal, gradual responsibility expansion and rapid relationship absorption-are further identified, which have partial, controversial and repair resonance respectively. By conceptualizing digital leadership as a discourse and relational ability, rather than just a technical ability, this study expands the research on digital leadership, crisis communication and organizational legitimacy in the public environment of digital networks.

Energy and Transit Projects – Security Guarantee of the South Caucasus Region

2026-07-26T21:46:35+00:00

This article examines the strategic role of energy and transit projects in the South Caucasus Region as key instruments of regional stability and sovereignty. It highlights how geopolitical shifts following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine have transformed the region from a peripheral corridor into a central hub linking Europe and Asia. The study analyzes existing energy pipelines such as BTC, SCP, and the Southern Gas Corridor, as well as emerging initiatives including the Middle Corridor and renewable energy transit projects like the Black Sea Submarine Cable. By situating these infrastructures within broader security and geopolitical frameworks, the article argues that economic projects in the South Caucasus function not only as drivers of development but also as political tools reinforcing Western engagement and integration into global security architecture.

INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS OF MULTILATERAL DIPLOMACY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ORGANIZATION OF TURKIC STATES, THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION, THE SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANISATION, AND THE COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES

2026-07-27T01:40:49+00:00

This article offers a comparative institutional analysis of four multilateral organizations active in the post-Soviet and Turkic-speaking space: The Organization of Turkic States (OTS), the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). While these bodies share a common geopolitical arena and, in several cases, overlapping membership, they differ markedly in institutional depth, degree of supranational delegation, and the diplomatic functions their mechanisms perform. Drawing on the comparative regionalism literature and on integration theories — federalism, functionalism, neofunctionalism, intergovernmentalism, and constructivism — the article develops a structured comparison of summit architecture, permanent bodies, and dispute-settlement or coordination capacity. It argues that the OTS occupies an intermediate institutional position: more developed than the loosely coordinating CIS, yet more consultative and identity-driven than the economically supranational EAEU or the security-focused SCO. The findings contribute to the broader literature on comparative regionalism in Eurasia and to an understanding of how multilateral diplomacy is institutionally channeled among states that belong simultaneously to several overlapping regional frameworks

ҚАЗАҚ ТІЛІН МЕҢГЕРУ ДЕҢГЕЙІН БАҒАЛАУДА ЖАСАНДЫ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТТІ ПАЙДАЛАНУ

2026-07-27T01:36:06+00:00

Қазіргі таңда білім беру саласында цифрлық технологиялар мен жасанды интеллект құралдарын тиімді пайдалану оқу үдерісін жетілдірудің маңызды бағыттарының біріне айналып отыр. Әсіресе тіл үйрету барысында білім алушының жеке ерекшеліктерін ескеру, оқу жетістігін жедел бағалау және кері байланысты уақытылы ұсыну маңызды болып саналады. Осы тұрғыдан алғанда, жасанды интеллект қазақ тілін меңгеру деңгейін бағалаудың жаңа мүмкіндіктерін қалыптастырады. Мақалада қазақ тілін меңгеру деңгейін анықтауда жасанды интеллект технологияларын қолданудың мүмкіндіктері, артықшылықтары және тиімді бағалау бағыттары қарастырылады. Сонымен қатар AI құралдары арқылы оқушының лексикалық қоры, грамматикалық сауаттылығы, оқылым, жазылым, тыңдалым және айтылым дағдыларын бағалау жолдары сипатталады.

Бүгінгі білім беру жүйесінде оқушының білімін бағалау тек қорытынды нәтиже шығарумен шектелмей, оның оқу барысындағы жетістіктерін бақылауға, қиындықтарын анықтауға және әрі қарайғы даму бағытын белгілеуге негізделуі қажет. Қазақ тілін үйрету үдерісінде де бағалау жүйесінің сапасы ерекше маңызға ие. Себебі тіл меңгеру деңгейін анықтау кезінде білім алушының тек грамматикалық ережелерді білуі ғана емес, сонымен қатар сөздік қоры, мәтінді түсінуі, өз ойын жазбаша және ауызша жеткізе білуі сияқты бірнеше тілдік дағдысы қатар ескеріледі.

MICROLEARNING STRATEGIES IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION: OPPORTUNITIES FOR MODERN LEARNERS

2026-07-27T01:45:03+00:00

The rapid advancement of digital technologies and the changing characteristics of contemporary learners have encouraged educators to explore more flexible and learner-centered instructional approaches. In this context, microlearning has emerged as an innovative educational strategy that delivers content in small, focused, and easily accessible learning units. This approach aligns with the needs of modern learners, who often prefer short, engaging, and technology-supported learning experiences that can be accessed anytime and anywhere through digital devices.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of microlearning strategies in English language education and to analyze their potential benefits for language acquisition. The study reviews the theoretical foundations of microlearning and explores its practical applications in developing English language skills, including vocabulary, grammar, reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Special attention is given to the integration of mobile technologies, digital platforms, and interactive learning tools that support the implementation of microlearning in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context.

The findings indicate that microlearning contributes significantly to learner motivation, engagement, and knowledge retention. By presenting information in manageable segments, microlearning reduces cognitive overload and enables learners to focus on specific learning objectives. Furthermore, the flexibility of microlearning supports personalized and self-paced learning, allowing students to take greater responsibility for their educational progress. The approach is particularly beneficial for digital-native learners who are accustomed to consuming information through short-form digital content.

Despite its numerous advantages, several challenges associated with microlearning are also discussed, including the risk of oversimplifying complex language concepts, technological limitations, and the need for careful instructional design. The paper argues that microlearning should not replace comprehensive language instruction but rather complement traditional teaching methods to create a more effective and engaging learning environment.

In conclusion, microlearning represents a promising pedagogical approach in contemporary English language education. Its learner-centered nature, flexibility, and compatibility with digital technologies make it an effective tool for meeting the educational needs of modern learners. Future research is recommended to investigate the long-term impact of microlearning on language proficiency and learner autonomy across diverse educational settings.

Махаббат бүйрегі: Эмоционалдық донорлықтың психологиялық аспектілері мен трансплантациядағы маңызы

2026-07-26T17:56:40+00:00

Background: Қазіргі медицинада бүйрек трансплантациясы — созылмалы бүйрек жетіспеушілігінің терминалды сатысындағы емдеудің ең тиімді әдісі. Алайда, мүше алмастыру тек хирургиялық процесс емес, ол донор мен реципиенттің психоэмоционалдық күйіне тікелей байланысты күрделі биотикалық процесс. Н.Ф. Климушева мен Л.Т. Баранскаяның зерттеулеріне сәйкес, трансплантологиядағы клиникалық психология пациенттің сауығу жолындағы ішкі мотивациялық факторларын зерттеуге бағытталған. «Махаббат бүйрегі» ұғымы туыстық емес, бірақ эмоционалды жақын адамдар (ерлі-зайыптылар, жақын достар) арасындағы ерікті донорлықты сипаттайды. Бұл процесс пациенттің өмір сүру сапасын ғана емес, оның тұлғалық болмысын қайта құруға мүмкіндік береді.

Aim: Бүйрек трансплантациясындағы эмоционалдық донорлықтың ішкі мотивациялық факторларын анықтау және операциядан кейінгі «дене бейнесінің» трансформациясын клиникалық-психологиялық тұрғыдан талдау.

Hypothesis: Донор мен реципиент арасындағы эмоционалдық жақындық («махаббат факторы») операцияға дейінгі үрейді азайтып, операциядан кейінгі оңалту кезеңінде трансплантаттың психологиялық тұрғыдан тез «меншіктелуіне» ықпал етеді.

Materials and Methods: Н.Ф. Климушева мен Л.Т. Баранскаяның трансплантологиялық психология саласындағы зерттеулеріне теориялық талдау жасау. Зерттеу барысында биопсихосоциалды модель қолданылды.

Comprehensive Pharmacognostic Investigation of Lagochilus inebrians and Development of a Hemostatic Phytopharmaceutical Using Modern Approaches to Standardization and Quality Assessment

2026-07-26T21:00:15+00:00

Lagochilus inebrians Bunge (Lamiaceae), known as Turkestan mint, is a Central Asian medicinal subshrub with a long-documented history of use as a hemostatic and sedative agent in traditional practice. Its principal bioactive constituent, the diterpene alcohol lagochilin, together with related diterpenoids, flavonoids, and iridoid glycosides, has been associated with coagulation-supporting activity in earlier pharmacological work. Despite this substantial body of phytochemical and pharmacological evidence, a dedicated, pharmacopoeially standardized quality specification for Lagochilus inebrians raw material grown within the Republic of Kazakhstan has not yet been established. This paper synthesizes the existing international literature on the taxonomy, phytochemistry, and hemostatic pharmacology of Lagochilus inebrians and proposes a structured, modern methodological framework for its pharmacognostic standardization and the prospective development of a hemostatic phytopharmaceutical. The proposed framework integrates macroscopic and microscopic authentication, chromatographic and spectrophotometric quantification of marker compounds, and pharmacopoeial quality-control parameters consistent with the State Pharmacopoeia of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The paper is conceptual and methodological in nature; it does not report completed experimental trial results but outlines a protocol intended to guide future empirical research and eventual monograph development

MODERN APPROACHES AND BIOMECHANICAL FOUNDATIONS IN THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF POSTERIOR COLUMN PELVIC FRACTURES

2026-07-26T21:07:29+00:00

Posterior column fractures of the pelvis and acetabulum remain among the most technically demanding injuries in orthopaedic trauma surgery, occurring in high-energy trauma among younger patients and in low-energy falls among the elderly. Optimal management requires anatomical reduction and stable internal fixation to restore the load-bearing architecture of the hip joint and to minimize the risk of post-traumatic arthritis, nonunion, and functional impairment. This article presents an integrative review of contemporary surgical strategies and their underlying biomechanical rationale for posterior column pelvic fractures, synthesizing clinical, cadaveric, and composite-bone-model evidence published over the past three decades. The review traces the evolution of fixation philosophy from foundational classification systems and open surgical approaches to current minimally invasive percutaneous techniques, reconstruction plating, and novel implant geometries such as angular and dynamic plates. Comparative biomechanical data drawn from cadaveric and composite bone models are analyzed, including construct stiffness, cyclic-load failure thresholds, and interfragmentary displacement across single-plate, dual-plate, screw-only, and hybrid plate–screw configurations. Particular attention is given to antegrade and retrograde screw fixation via posterior and anterior corridors, and to the comparative performance of standard cannulated screws versus cannulated compression headless screws. The materials and methods section presents a structured comparative synthesis, supported by tables and diagrams, of fixation stiffness values, complication profiles, and clinical outcome indicators reported in the American and Kazakhstani orthopaedic literature. Findings indicate that dual-plate and angular-plate constructs, as well as compression headless screw systems, provide superior mechanical stability relative to single-implant fixation, though clinical decision-making must also weigh soft-tissue morbidity, surgical exposure, and patient-specific bone quality. The review concludes that an evidence-based, biomechanically informed selection of fixation strategy, tailored to fracture pattern and patient factors, is essential for optimizing surgical outcomes and long-term hip joint preservation

Conceptual Framework for Improving Nursing Care Through Enhancing Treatment Adherence Among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Primary Care

2026-07-26T21:32:33+00:00

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare utilization worldwide. Despite advances in pharmacological and non-pharmacological management, poor treatment adherence continues to compromise disease control, increase the frequency of exacerbations, reduce patients' quality of life, and contribute to avoidable hospital admissions. Primary care nurses are uniquely positioned to improve adherence through continuous patient education, self-management support, behavioral counseling, and long-term follow-up. However, existing nursing approaches remain fragmented and lack an integrated conceptual framework that systematically links evidence-based adherence strategies with routine nursing practice.
Objective: To develop a conceptual framework for improving nursing care by strengthening treatment adherence among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease receiving primary care services.
Methods: This conceptual paper synthesizes current international evidence on treatment adherence, self-management, nursing interventions, behavioral change strategies, patient education, motivational support, and chronic disease management in COPD. Evidence from international clinical guidelines, systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and nursing research was critically analyzed and integrated to identify the essential components of an evidence-informed nursing framework.
Results: The proposed framework conceptualizes treatment adherence as a multidimensional process influenced by patient-related, disease-related, healthcare-system, therapy-related, and psychosocial factors. The framework positions nurses as coordinators of adherence-focused care and integrates five interrelated domains: comprehensive nursing assessment, individualized patient education, self-management support, behavioral and motivational interventions, and continuous monitoring with follow-up evaluation. These domains are interconnected through patient-centered communication and interdisciplinary collaboration, creating a structured approach to improving long-term disease management within primary care.
Conclusions: The proposed conceptual framework provides a theoretical foundation for designing, implementing, and evaluating nurse-led adherence strategies for patients with COPD. It may support the development of standardized nursing practice, strengthen evidence-based primary care, and guide future intervention studies aimed at improving clinical outcomes, patient engagement, and quality of life.

Optimizing Nursing Care for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Primary Health Care through Improving Therapeutic Adherence

2026-07-26T21:41:04+00:00

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains one of the leading chronic non-communicable diseases worldwide and poses a substantial challenge to healthcare systems because of its increasing prevalence, high risk of chronic complications, and considerable socioeconomic burden. Although advances in pharmacological treatment have significantly improved diabetes management, inadequate therapeutic adherence continues to compromise glycemic control, accelerate disease progression, and increase healthcare utilization. Contemporary international guidelines increasingly recognize that sustainable improvements in adherence require person-centered, multidisciplinary care in which nurses play a central role in diabetes self-management education, behavioral counseling, and continuity of care within primary health care (PHC).
Objective: To synthesize current evidence regarding nursing interventions that improve therapeutic adherence among adults with T2DM in PHC and to propose a conceptual framework for optimizing nursing care as the theoretical foundation for an ongoing master's research project.
Methods: This conceptual paper integrates evidence from contemporary international clinical guidelines, consensus statements, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published by leading organizations, including the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the American Diabetes Association (ADA), and other evidence-based sources. The synthesized evidence was used to develop a conceptual framework describing evidence-based nursing strategies aimed at strengthening therapeutic adherence among adults with T2DM in PHC settings.
Results: The synthesized evidence demonstrates that structured nurse-led interventions—including comprehensive adherence assessment, diabetes self-management education and support, motivational interviewing, individualized behavioral counseling, psychosocial support, digital health technologies, and continuous follow-up—consistently improve medication adherence, self-management behaviors, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), patient engagement, and health-related quality of life. Based on these findings, a comprehensive conceptual framework for optimizing nursing care was developed, integrating assessment, individualized education, behavioral support, continuity of care, and outcome evaluation into a structured model applicable to routine PHC practice.
Conclusion: Optimizing nursing care through evidence-based, adherence-focused interventions represents a promising strategy for improving therapeutic adherence and strengthening person-centered diabetes management within primary health care. The proposed conceptual framework translates contemporary international recommendations into a structured nursing model that may facilitate implementation of evidence-based practice, improve continuity of care, and support future clinical research evaluating its effectiveness in patients with T2DM.