European Research Materials

Технологическое предпринимательство как базис инновационной экономики

Асқар Бағлан Нұрланұлы — 2026-03-02

Современная бизнес-среда характеризуется непрерывным технологическим развитием и ростом. Достижение конкурентоспособности на глобальном уровне (будь то предприятие или страна) тесно связано с успешным управлением инновациями, технологиями и изменениями, то есть развитием технологического предпринимательства. Инновации и технологии стали одним из основных компонентов развития мировой экономики. Рыночное новаторство, когда фирма первой выходит на рынок, часто считается выражением предпринимательской ориентации. Будь то инновации в области продуктов, процессов или управления, предпринимательские предприятия являются движущей силой современной экономики во всем мире. Разработка и коммерциализация нового могут оживить старые отрасли или создать совершенно новые отрасли. Высокотехнологичные стартапы и фирмы по разработке технологий, также известные как технологические предприниматели, играют важную роль в развитии инновационной экономики. Одним из ключевых факторов, приведших к радикальным структурным изменениям в мировой экономике, стало усиление экономической роли инноваций. Это связано с усилением воздействия науки и техники на все стороны жизни общества, коренными технологическими изменениями, приводящими к масштабным социально-экономическим и институциональным изменениям. Важнейшими из них являются научные знания и интеллектуальный капитал, которые признаны основными источниками создания конкурентных преимуществ и устойчивого развития социально-экономических преобразований. Инновационная деятельность в различных отраслях экономики является важнейшим фактором экономического роста. Правительства инициируют бизнес-инкубаторы для содействия экономическому развитию и росту всей страны или для ускорения роста в отдельных сообществах или регионах страны. Надлежащая организация бизнес-инкубаторов эффективно способствует поддержке предпринимателей посредством предоставления капитала, обучения и передачи технологий. Это облегчает запуск новых предприятий, что также важно для экономического развития за счет создания рабочих мест

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ДНЕВНЫХ СТАЦИОНАРОВ КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТА УСТОЙЧИВЫХ СИСТЕМ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ (ВКЛАД В ДОСТИЖЕНИЕ ЦУР 3)

Жаналиева Ж.Р. — 2026-03-02

В условиях трансформации современных систем здравоохранения и ограниченности финансовых ресурсов особую актуальность приобретает развитие стационарозамещающих форм медицинской помощи, ориентированных на повышение эффективности использования ресурсов при сохранении качества лечения. Одной из таких форм является дневной стационар, занимающий промежуточное положение между амбулаторной и круглосуточной стационарной медицинской помощью. Целью исследования является оценка экономической эффективности функционирования дневного стационара в структуре медицинской организации на примере ГКБ №7 г. Алматы. Методологическую основу исследования составили системный и процессный подходы, а также общенаучные и специальные методы анализа, включая сравнительный, структурно-динамический и расчетно-аналитический методы. В ходе исследования проведено сравнение себестоимости лечения одного пациента в дневном и круглосуточном стационаре, рассчитан годовой экономический эффект и обоснованы управленческие мероприятия по повышению эффективности деятельности дневного стационара. Установлено, что себестоимость лечения одного пациента в дневном стационаре в 2025 году была на 46,4 % ниже по сравнению с круглосуточным стационаром, а совокупный годовой экономический эффект превысил 2,3 млрд тенге. Реализация предложенных управленческих решений позволяет дополнительно увеличить экономический эффект и повысить финансовую устойчивость медицинской организации. Полученные результаты подтверждают экономическую целесообразность развития дневного стационара и могут быть использованы в практике управления медицинскими организациями

A Study of Value Priorities Among Diverse Age Groups Employed in Business

Temur SHENGELIA — 2026-03-02

The study and identification of different approaches to ethical values among various age groups represent a topical scientific problem. The relevance of this issue lies in the fact that its research enables the identification of ethical values held by different age groups employed in business, thereby facilitating conflict management. It is evident that one of the primary causes of labor conflicts is the differing approaches to ethical values across generations.

By employing various methodologies, this paper identifies intergenerational differences in the prioritization of ethical values. Based on the conducted analysis, a value system was identified that influences the formation of stereotypes regarding ethical approaches among individuals of different ages.

INVESTMENT EFFICIENCY OF THE GOLDWIND ENERGY PROJECT SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY IN CONDITIONS OF ECONOMIC INSTABILITY

Liu Yeyi — 2026-03-02

In the context of growing economic instability caused by fluctuations in global markets, geopolitical risks and the transformation of energy systems, the issue of increasing the efficiency of investments in science and technology in the field of renewable energy is of particular relevance.

Energy companies striving for sustainable development are forced not only to implement innovative solutions, but also to ensure the rational use of investment resources. In this context, the activities of Goldwind Energy, which is one of the leaders in the field of wind energy and actively invests in scientific and technological development, are of interest.

An analysis of the effectiveness of such investments in conditions of economic instability makes it possible to identify key factors affecting the sustainability of energy projects and their long-term competitiveness. This determines the relevance of this topic.

USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND DIGITAL INNOVATIONS TO TRANSFORM HIGHER EDUCATION IN CHINA AND KAZAKHSTAN

Du Zeyu — 2026-03-02

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) and digital technologies is becoming a key aspect in the process of modernizing higher education in both China and Kazakhstan. In the context of the rapid development of digital technologies, educational institutions are faced with the need to introduce advanced technologies to improve the quality of education, optimize management processes and ensure competitiveness.

In China, where large-scale programs are being implemented to digitalize education and create smart campuses, universities are actively using artificial intelligence for personalized learning, big data analysis and optimization of educational processes. Although the process of digital transformation in China is slower than in other countries, the introduction of AI and digital platforms at leading universities is aimed at improving learning efficiency, automating management and integrating new technologies into the educational process.

In the modern world, universities face the need to adapt to rapidly changing educational and technological conditions. In this regard, the issue of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into the educational process and university management is becoming relevant.

The purpose of the study is to identify the opportunities and limitations of the use of AI and digital innovations in the transformation of higher education in China and Kazakhstan, as well as to ensure the organizational level and quality of education.

THE IMPACT OF MARKET UNCERTAINTY IN THE LOW-ALTITUDE ECONOMY ON CORPORATE STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT DECISIONS

Yang Yiming — 2026-03-02

The rapid expansion of low-altitude economy, which includes unmanned aerial vehicles, drone logistics, urban air mobility, and related digital and aviation services, is a significant driver of contemporary economic and technological advancement. This emerging industry is characterized by significant market uncertainties stemming from dynamic regulatory frameworks, accelerated technological innovation, infrastructure limitations, and unstable competition. As a consequence, companies operating in this sector face increased strategic management challenges due to the complexity of operating in an environment marked by uncertainty and rapid change, where traditional long-term planning strategies may not be sufficient.

The significance of this research is due to the fact that market volatility in the low altitude economy directly influences corporate strategic decision-making, affecting investment priorities, timing of market entry, organizational structures, and innovation strategies. The absence of unified regulatory frameworks across countries, frequent changes in policy, and the exploratory nature of many low altitude business models significantly enhance strategic risks for companies. Consequently, there is an increasing need for a systematic analysis of how companies perceive, manage, and react to uncertainty when formulating and adjusting their corporate strategies.

USING BIG DATA TO ANALYZE AND PREDICT MANAGEMENT DECISIONS: THE EXAMPLE OF SINOPEC GROUP AND SAMRUK-KAZYNA GROUP COMPANIES

Li Kechen — 2026-03-02

With the rapid development of digital technologies and increasing uncertainty in the world, the use of big data is becoming a key tool for improving the quality of management decisions in large organizations.

Modern companies, especially in key industries, face the need to quickly analyze large amounts of diverse information to predict risks, optimize resources, and ensure sustainable development. In this context, the analysis of management decisions based on big data becomes particularly important.

Large state-owned holdings such as Sinopec Group in China and Samruk-Kazyna JSC in Kazakhstan play a key role in national economies and have a complex multi-level management system.. Although digital technologies have been actively used recently, the methods of analyzing and predicting management decisions using big data in such companies still do not have a clear system and cannot be compared between countries. This makes it necessary to conduct research based on real corporate examples.

As part of this work, we aim to explore the potential and effectiveness of using big data to analyze and predict management decisions using the example of Sinopec Group and Samruk-Kazyna Group.

Казахский орнамент в жилой застройке: сравнительный анализ идеологического конструирования советской эпохи и стратегической минимизации в архитектуре независимого Казахстана

Нұрғалық Е.Ж. — 2026-03-02

В статье проводиться сравнительный анализ трансформации казахского орнамента в массовой жилой застройке в советский период и в эпоху современного Казахстана. Рассматриваются идеологические, экономические и градостроительные факторы, определявшие его роль в городской среде.
Показано, что в советское время орнамент использовался как элемент государственной культурной политики, а после 1991 года прошёл этап стихийного и упрощённого применения, сменившийся минималисичными и франментарными интерпретациями, обусловленными рыночной экономикой и глобальными архитектруными изменениями.
Основное внимание удалено причинам утраты орнаментального языка именно в Жилой архитектруре. Сравнение двух периодов выявляет как их достижениями, как системность советского подхода, поиск новых форм в постсоветского времени, так и ограничения, приведшие к минимализации и коммерцилизации сакральных орнаментов жилых застройках.

AI-Assisted Formative Assessment in English Language Education: Student Autonomy, Learning Outcomes, and Conditions of Implementation

Gulzhainar Baktykalyi kyzy — 2026-03-02

This article presents an analytical review of contemporary empirical research at the intersection of three subject areas: AI-assisted formative assessment (AI-FA), self-regulated learning, and English as a Foreign Language (EFL) pedagogy. What distinguishes this work from existing reviews is the introduction of an original analytical framework in the form of a three-level model of implementation conditions, which makes it possible to systematize conflicting findings on the effectiveness of these tools. Analyses in the field tend to be limited to describing individual instruments. The proposed model differentiates between technological, pedagogical, and institutional conditions, demonstrating that the observable effects of AI-FA are determined not by the characteristics of any particular tool, but by the configuration of all three levels simultaneously. The findings lead to the conclusion that when the technological capabilities of AI-FA meet a well-prepared instructor within a supportive institutional environment, these tools produce consistent positive effects on both academic achievement and student self-efficacy. In other cases, the risk of underutilizing the formative potential of such systems remains high, even when the technology itself is technically sophisticated.

Wool Grading Systems Worldwide and in Georgia

Vasil Ghlighvashvili — 2026-03-02

The article deals with the international standards of wool quality (blood system, American system, Micron system); it also deals with the data of wool quality of local sheep breeds bred in Georgia. Here is mentioned that the wool quality standards of the former Soviet Union is still in use, which is somehow remake version of Bradford system, that is different from the standards now used in the world. The recommendations about the compliance of wool quality standards used in Georgia with the world standards, which will help Georgia to integrate in the world and European economy are written here.

İnformasiya texnologiyalarının menecment qərarlarına təsiri

Khanbatova Leyla Bəylər qızı — 2026-03-02

Bu məqalədə informasiya texnologiyalarının (İT) müasir təşkilatlarda menecment qərarlarının qəbuluna göstərdiyi təsir araşdırılır. Rəqəmsallaşmanın sürətlənməsi nəticəsində menecment prosesləri daha çox məlumat əsaslı və analitik xarakter almışdır. Məqalədə informasiya texnologiyalarının mahiyyəti, menecment qərarlarının növləri, qərarvermə prosesində İT-nin rolu, strateji, taktiki və operativ səviyyələrdə təsiri, üstünlükləri və yaratdığı risklər sistemli şəkildə təhlil olunur. Eyni zamanda gələcək perspektivlər və texnoloji inkişafın menecment fəaliyyətinə mümkün təsirləri ümumiləşdirilir

Böyük Məlumatların Fonunda İqtisadi İnformasiya Təhlili Və Qərar Qəbuletmədə Tətbiqi

Rasulova Gözəl — 2026-03-02

İnternet dövründə informasiya məlumatları həyəcan verici bir sürətlə genişlənir və eyni zamanda diversifikasiya və parçalanma tendensiyası nümayiş etdirir. Bu mürəkkəb məlumatdan necə istifadə edəcəyinizi və böyük məlumatların dəyərini tam şəkildə maksimum dərəcədə artırmaq üçün biznesdə effektiv şəkildə necə istifadə edəcəyinizi anlamaq görünür. İnsan fəaliyyətinin bütün sahələrində yığılan informasiyanın durmadan artması ilə əlaqədar olaraq, onu yığcam səkildə göstərmək üçün yeni texnologiyanın əldə olunması çox əhəmiyyətlidir. İş adamları öz fəaliyyətinin bütün sahələrində həmişə müəyyən qərarlar qəbul edirlər. İstehsal ilə bağlı qərarların qəbul edilməsi əsas sahəyə aiddir. İstehsal həcmi nə qədər çox olarsa, qərar qəbul etmək bir o qədər cətin olur. Buna görə də bəzi hallarda qərar qəbulu zamanı asanlıqla səhvə yol verilir.

Təbii olaraq belə bir sual meydana çıxır: kompüterdən istifadə etməklə belə səhvlərin qarşısını almaq mümkündürmü?

Buna əsaslanaraq, məqalədə böyük məlumatların fonunda iqtisadi informasiya təhlili və qərar qəbuletmə sistemi araşdırılır. Məlumatları necə səmərəli şəkildə paylamaq və toplamaq, eləcə də məlumatları ağıllı və etibarlı şəkildə necə icra etmək və təhlil etmək müəssisələr üçün düşünməli və həll etməli olan təcili bir problemdir və bu da müəssisələrin məqsədlərinə çatmasını çətinləşdirir. Məqalədə əvvəlcə ölkəmizin sənaye iqtisadi qərar texnologiyasının inkişaf vəziyyəti təhlil edilir, sonra sənaye inkişafında böyük məlumatların makroiqtisadi qərar qəbuletmədə xidməti rolu araşdırılır, daha sonra sənaye iqtisadi informasiya təhlilinin metodları və tendensiyaları dərindən araşdırılır və sənaye iqtisadi informasiya modeli hazırlanır. Nəhayət, məqalədə sistemin işləmə sürəti və interaktiv funksiyası sınaqdan keçirilmişdir. Test nəticələri göstərir ki, sistemin işləmə sürəti çox sürətlidir və interaktiv funksiya çox dəqiqdir.

N-tier arxitektura və onun uçot proqramlarına tətbiqi

Bağırova Fəxriyyə — 2026-03-02

N-Tier arxitekturası miqyaslılığı, mövcudluğu və çevikliyi səbəbindən getdikcə daha vacib hala gəlir. Performans, yük, stress, naviqasiya, reqressiya testləri və s. yerinə yetirən test alətləri üçün müxtəlif çərçivələr mövcuddur. Daha yaxşı çərçivə bütün test mexanizmlərini yerinə yetirəcək şəkildə olmalıdır. Bu məqsədlə, bir neçə xüsusiyyətə malik müxtəlif test mexanizmlərini yerinə yetirən üç test aləti olan Win Runner, LoadRunner və QTP-ni araşdırırıq. Bu məqalədə bütün test mexanizmlərini yerinə yetirən bir çərçivə təklif olunur

Сравнение микроконтроллерных плат Arduino Mega 2560, ESP32-WROOM-32 (DevKit) и ESP32-PICO (Atom Lite)

Маткулов Исабек Серкишевич — 2026-03-02

Рассмотрены в сравнительном плане три наиболее распространенные микроконтроллерные платы: Arduino Mega 2560, ESP32-WROOM-32 (DevKit), ESP32-PICO (Atom Lite). Даны краткие характеристики архитектуры, памяти, входов/выходов, Wi-Fi и Bluetooth-модулей. Рассмотрены вопросы энергопотребления и поддержки задач реального времени. Сделана сводная таблица технических характеристик плат и способов измерения тока, напряжения, сигнала с аналогового входа, параметров АЦП для лабораторных работ студентов. Статья рассчитана на начинающих инженеров и студентов как базовый проект на указанных платформах

УНИВЕРСИТЕТТЕГІ ОҚЫТУДЫҢ АНДРОГОГИКАЛЫҚ ЕРЕКШЕЛІКТЕРІ

Рахымбеков Айтбай Жапарович — 2026-03-02

Мақалада жоғары оқу орындарында оқытудың андрагогиялық моделін қолдану қажеттілігі негізделеді. Өмірлік және кәсіби тәжірибесі, сондай-ақ білім беру қызметі тәжірибесі бар ересек адамдардың жоғары оқу орындарына түсу себептері қарастырылды. Университеттің білім беру процесін ұйымдастырудағы осы ерекшеліктерді ескеру оқытушылардың андрагогиялық құзыреттіліктерін дамытудың негізі болып табылады

MECHANISMS AND CRITERIA FOR ENSURING EFFECTIVE JOINT DEVELOPMENT OF WILDLIFE AND THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN GEORGIA

Vasil Ghlighvashvili — 2026-03-02

This article examines the key mechanisms and criteria for ensuring sustainable interactions between wildlife and the agricultural sector in Georgia. In the face of increasing anthropogenic pressure and climate change, biodiversity conservation is becoming a priority for public policy. This paper focuses on integrating conservation measures with agricultural activities, valuing ecosystem services, and developing adaptive management strategies to minimize conflicts between people, agriculture, and wildlife. The combined development of agriculture and wildlife conservation is an important issue for the sustainable use of lands and biodiversity in countries with high ecological value. Georgia, located within the Caucasus biological hotspot and highly dependent on agriculture, provides a case study for integrated policy and management analysis. This study examines the mechanisms and criteria necessary for effective co-development of wildlife and the agricultural sector. An ecosystem approach, an analysis of Georgian legislation, and official statistical data from the National Statistics Office of Georgia (Geostat for 2023-2025) are used. Regional case studies were used: Kakheti, Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti, and Samtskhe-Javakheti. The results demonstrate that spatial planning, agro-ecological incentives, compensation schemes, and local community participation reduce human-wildlife conflicts, ensuring sustainable agricultural productivity. The article is relevant for the development of national sustainable development policies and the adaptation of EU standards in Georgia

Microwave-Synthesized Multicomponent Nanoparticles for Enhanced Proton Therapy Efficacy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Integration of NGS-Based Next-Generation Sequencing and Single-Cell Transcriptomic Database Analysis for Target Identification and Acute

David Aphkhazava — 2026-03-02

Background and Rationale: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the most prevalent and lethal form of thoracic malignancy worldwide, accounting for approximately 85% of all lung cancer diagnoses. Despite advances in proton therapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy, clinical outcomes remain suboptimal due to intratumoral heterogeneity, therapy resistance, and off-target systemic toxicity. The rational design of novel radiosensitizing nanoparticle-drug combinations demands a deep understanding of NSCLC's molecular landscape — a gap that large-scale genomic and single-cell transcriptomic datasets are uniquely positioned to bridge.

Objectives: This study pursues three integrated objectives: (1) to perform comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of publicly available NGS and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets to identify key molecular targets, cell-type-specific vulnerabilities, and tumor microenvironment (TME) signatures in NSCLC; (2) to synthesize a library of multicomponent nanoparticles — including CuO, ZnO, superparamagnetic Fe₃O₄-decorated hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanosheets, Ni-Cu alloys, and Ag-doped lanthanum manganite (Ag:LaMnO₃) — using microwave synthesis; and (3) to evaluate the anticancer selectivity and acute systemic toxicity of over 100 novel combinations of these nanoparticles with FDA-approved chemotherapeutic (Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Paclitaxel) and targeted agents (Tepotinib, Osimertinib, Rybrevant) alongside alkali metal salts (RbCl, CsCl, Rb₂CO₃, Cs₂CO₃) in the context of proton therapy enhancement.

Bioinformatics and Database Analysis: Large-scale transcriptomic profiling was performed by mining publicly available repositories including TCGA-LUAD/LUSC (The Cancer Genome Atlas), GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus, datasets: GSE131907, GSE117570, GSE189357), and CELLxGENE single-cell atlas. Raw NGS data (bulk RNA-seq and whole-exome sequencing) were processed through standardized pipelines (STAR aligner, DESeq2, GATK) for differential gene expression (DEG) analysis, somatic mutation profiling, and copy number variation (CNV) assessment. Single-cell RNA-seq datasets comprising >200,000 cells from NSCLC patient tumors and adjacent healthy tissues were re-analyzed using Seurat and Scanpy frameworks. Cell clustering, trajectory inference (Monocle3), and regulon analysis (pySCENIC) revealed transcriptionally distinct malignant subpopulations, cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) niches, and immunosuppressive macrophage states within the TME. Pathway enrichment (GSEA, KEGG, Reactome) identified upregulated oxidative stress, metal-ion homeostasis, and DNA damage response (DDR) pathways as primary vulnerabilities amenable to nanoparticle-mediated radiosensitization. Molecular docking and network pharmacology analysis (STRING, Cytoscape) were used to map the polypharmacological interactions of drug-nanoparticle combinations against NSCLC driver targets (EGFR, MET, KRAS, TP53, ALK).

Materials and Methods: Nanoparticles were synthesized via microwave-assisted hydrothermal routes and characterized by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and FTIR. In vitro anticancer activity was assessed by MTT assay and Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry on A549 (NSCLC) vs. NHDF (healthy) cell lines to compute selectivity index (SI). In vivo acute toxicity was evaluated using a dual-model platform: (i) chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays with non-invasive photoplethysmography (PPG) cardiac monitoring, and (ii) a Wistar rat behavioral maze protocol incorporating blood pressure, reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxygen saturation, and body temperature measurements — quantified via a composite Acute Toxicity Index (ATI).

Results: scRNA-seq re-analysis identified a transcriptionally aberrant NSCLC subpopulation characterized by elevated MT1G/MT2A (metallothionein), HMOX1 (heme oxygenase-1), and SLC31A1 (copper transporter) expression, providing mechanistic rationale for the preferential cytotoxicity of CuO and ZnO nanoparticles in malignant vs. healthy cells. DEG analysis from TCGA confirmed overexpression of boron transporter genes (SLC6A12, SLC4A11) in LUAD, supporting the use of ¹⁰B-enriched h-BN nanosheets for proton/neutron capture therapy. Experimentally, the multicomponent formulations achieved a 3–7-fold increase in selectivity index compared to standard clinical drugs. ZnO-containing combinations demonstrated ~20% superior selectivity versus CuO-based equivalents. All 50 primary combinations exhibited lower acute toxicity in embryo models than their individual clinical counterparts (ATI reduction: 1.5–1.8×). Formulations remained physicochemically stable (< 3% sedimentation) for 9 months at +4°C. Magnetic nanoparticles (Ni-Cu, Ag:LaMnO₃) synthesized with Curie temperatures of 41–45°C demonstrated suitability for self-regulated magnetic hyperthermia, synergizing with the proton beam at reduced energies (70 MeV vs. standard 140–240 MeV).

Conclusions: This study establishes a novel NGS- and scRNA-seq-guided nanoparticle design framework for NSCLC-targeted proton therapy enhancement. Single-cell and bulk transcriptomic analysis from large public databases provided mechanistic, target-level justification for the superior performance of CuO, ZnO, and h-BN nanoparticle formulations. The integrative approach — linking genomic vulnerability mapping with multicomponent synthesis, in vitro/in vivo toxicity testing, and proton physics — represents a significant methodological advance toward precision nano-radiotherapy in NSCLC. The proposed combinations offer a cost-effective, repurposing-based pathway with a Therapeutic Value (TV) 8.7–15.2× higher than standard-of-care monotherapy.

ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ И ОХРАНА ЛАНДШАФТОВ ЮЖНОГО СКЛОНА БОЛЬШОГО КАВКАЗА

Тагиров Рамиз Тахир оглы — 2026-03-02

Изучение природных ландшафтов южного склона Большого Кавказа имеет большое значение для совершенствования национальной экономики нашей страны. Правительство Азербайджана поставило перед наукой задачу обеспечения охраны окружающей среды путем комплексного использования природных ресурсов и, используя природные условия страны, совершенствования пространственной организации сельскохозяйственного производства, защиты почв от ветровой и водной эрозии, сохранения рационального использования пахотных земель, а также изучения способов улучшения экологических условий этих территорий. В рамках данной статьи мы стремились исследовать эти вопросы

CONFIGURATION OF RIVER NETWORKS AND THEIR ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE

Mammadov Oktay Elnur — 2026-03-02

This article comprehensively examines the configuration of river networks and their economic significance. The study analyzes the role of natural factors such as relief, climate conditions, geological structure, soil, and vegetation in the formation of river networks and explains the mechanisms of various types of hydrographic networks (dendritic, parallel, trellis, etc.). The main factors affecting the hydrological regime of rivers, including sources of water supply, seasonal flow variability, floods, and flash floods, are scientifically discussed.

The article also highlights the role of river networks in agriculture, irrigation systems, hydroenergy, settlement patterns, and industrial development. Furthermore, the ecological impact of intensive utilization of rivers for economic purposes, including water pollution, alteration of river channels, and reduction of biodiversity, is emphasized. Climate change effects on river flow and the increasing frequency of extreme hydrological events (floods, flash floods) are considered as current challenges.

The study concludes that the effective and sustainable management of river networks requires consideration of natural-geographical characteristics, scientifically grounded planning, and integrated water resources management approaches. Such approaches contribute both to economic development and the preservation of natural ecosystems.

PANCREATIC CANCER: THE COMPLEXITY OF THE PROBLEM

Arman Khozhayev — 2026-03-02

this scientific and analytical work presents modern world and local-regional data on incidence, mortality, lethality and five-year survival rate of pancreatic cancer, a serious oncological disease. The issues of etiology and pathogenesis, modern approaches and principles of complex diagnostics, prospects for improving treatment results, as well as the prognosis are covered in detail. The epidemiological characteristics of this pathology in our republic are given in the context of the regions of the country

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INDUCTIVE AND DEDUCTIVE GRAMMAR TEACHING METHODS

Осымова Гульмира Умырбековна — 2026-03-02

This scientific article examines the inductive and deductive methods of teaching English grammar as one of the most common and methodologically significant approaches in the system of teaching a foreign language. The purpose of the research is to compare the theoretical foundations, methodological features, advantages and limitations of these methods, as well as to determine the conditions for their effective use in the modern educational environment. The article analyzes the views of domestic and foreign researchers in the field of teaching foreign languages, reveals the influence of inductive and deductive approaches on the formation of grammatical competence, cognitive activity and communicative skills of students. Special attention is paid to the role of teachers and students in the process of mastering grammatical material, as well as the possibilities of integrating these methods in a context of communicative and personality-oriented learning. The results of the research can be used in the practice of teaching English in general education schools and higher educational institutions, as well as in the system of training future teachers of a foreign language.

ФИЗИКАДАҒЫ МАЯТНИК ТЕРБЕЛІСІН ЗЕРТТЕУДЕ РОБОТОТЕХНИКА ЭЛЕМЕНТТЕРІН ПАЙДАЛАНУ

Тыныш Кәмшәт Серікқызы — 2026-03-02

Бұл мақалада физика курсының «Механикалық тербелістер» тақырыбы аясында маятниктің тербеліс периодының жіп ұзындығына тәуелділігі робототехника элементтері көмегімен зерттелді. Дәстүрлі зертханалық жұмыста уақытты секундомер арқылы өлшеу барысында жіберілетін қателіктерді азайту мақсатында ультрадыбыстық датчик пен микроконтроллер қолданылды. Эксперимент нәтижелері теориялық формуламен салыстырылып, алынған деректердің сәйкестігі жоғары екені анықталды. Зерттеу барысында Arduino платформасы негізінде жасалған құрылғы жүйелі түрде өлшеу жүргізіп, тербеліс кезеңінің дәл мәнін анықтауға мүмкіндік берді. Бұл тәсіл оқушылардың эксперименттік дағдыларын дамытуға, физикалық құбылыстарды сандық түрде талдауға және заманауи технологияларды оқу процесіне енгізуге бағытталған тиімді әдіс екені көрсетілді.

THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN DEVELOPING GRAMMAR COMPETENCE IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING

Batyk F.B — 2026-03-02

This study examines the role and importance of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly ChatGPT, in developing grammar competence in foreign language learning. As AI becomes increasingly integrated into education, it is important to understand how it can support learners in improving grammar accuracy, understanding rules, and building confidence. This research uses a quantitative approach, involving a structured online questionnaire completed by students with varying English proficiency levels. The findings show that ChatGPT helps students notice and correct grammar mistakes, understand complex grammar concepts, and practice sentence construction independently. Most participants reported positive attitudes toward AI-assisted learning, increased motivation, and higher confidence, although some challenges, such as difficulty understanding complex explanations and over-reliance on AI, were also identified. The paper discusses strategies for effectively integrating AI tools like ChatGPT into grammar lessons and highlights the importance of combining technology with teacher guidance to maximize learning outcomes. The study concludes that AI can be a valuable resource for grammar development, offering personalized, engaging, and effective practice in foreign language classrooms

ФИЗИКАНЫ ОҚЫТУДА ЦИФРЛЫҚ БІЛІМ БЕРУ РЕСУРСТАРЫ АРҚЫЛЫ ҒЫЛЫМИ ҚҰЗЫРЕТТІЛІКТІ ЖЕТІЛДІРУ

Н. Ж. Ахметова — 2026-03-02

Бұл мақалада Қазақстанның Алматы қаласының жоғары білім беру контекстінде білім алушылардың ғылыми-зерттеу құзыреттілігін жетілдіру үшін физиканы оқытуда цифрлық технологияларды пайдалану қарастырылды. Андрагогика, білімді басқару және цифрлық оқыту саласындағы теориялық негіздерге сүйене отырып, білім алушылардың ғылыми-зерттеу құзыреттілігін арттырудағы физика сабағында цифрлық технологиялардың әлеуеті зерттелді. Контекст-стади ретінде болашақ физика мұғалімдері бағдарламаларында оқитын 50 қазақстандық білім алушыға STEM бойынша сауалнама жүргізілді. Нәтижелер қатысушылардың білім беру мақсаттары үшін физика сабағында цифрлық технологияларды кеңінен қабылдағанын және пайдаланғанын көрсетеді. Атап айтқанда, ақпаратты басқару және ғылыми-зерттеу қызметін жеңілдету үшін цифрлық құралдарды қолдануға бейімділік байқалды. Бұл нәтижелер білім беру ұйымдарының дәстүрлі педагогикалық тәсілдерді қайта қарау және цифрлық оқытуды ғылыми-зерттеу біліміне енгізу стратегияларын әзірлеу қажеттілігін көрсетеді. Физика сабағында цифрлық оқытуды енгізу контекстке бағытталған немесе білімге негізделген зерттеулердің, әсіресе жоғары білім беру саласындағы дамып келе жатқан парадигмасына сәйкес ғылыми-зерттеу құзыреттілігін арттыру процесін айтарлықтай жақсарта алады. Бұл зерттеу физика сабағында цифрлық оқытудың ғылыми-зерттеу құзыреттіліктерін дамытудағы рөлін түсінуге ықпал етіп қана қоймайды, сонымен қатар Қазақстанның жоғары білім беру саласында технологиялық интеграцияланған білім беру тәжірибесіне көшуді білдіреді.

Development of Creative Abilities of Primary School Students through Game Technologies (Based on the "World Recognition" Subject)

Temir Aruzhan Talgatkyzy — 2026-03-02

The study investigates the impact of game-based learning technologies on the development of creative abilities among primary school students within the "World Recognition" curriculum. Using a mixed-methods approach involving 85 primary school teachers and 120 students in Kazakhstan, the research examines how interactive play, role-playing, and cognitive games stimulate divergent thinking and emotional engagement. The results indicate that systematic integration of game technologies significantly increases student participation and curiosity compared to traditional rote learning. A majority of teachers reported that games help students visualize complex environmental concepts and express original ideas more freely. However, the study also identifies barriers such as limited time for game preparation and a lack of specialized digital gaming resources tailored to the Kazakhstani curriculum. The study concludes that game-based technology is a vital pedagogical tool that transforms the classroom into a dynamic creative laboratory. These findings suggest that curriculum designers should prioritize the inclusion of structured game-based tasks to foster early-stage innovation and cognitive flexibility in young learners

ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ГЕНЕЗИСА МУЗЫКАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОГО ПРОЦЕССА В ЗАПАДНОМ КАЗАХСТАНЕ

Бабенко Ольга Александровна — 2026-03-02

Музыкальное искусство, являясь одним из важнейших компонентов эстетической культуры имеет важное значение в структуре образовательного процесса для всесторонне гармоничного развития молодежи.

Преодоление духовно-нравственного застоя общества требует сегодня радикального пересмотра и совершенствования всей системы образования Казахстана. Поэтому музыкальное образование, способствующее гармоничному развитию личности, формированию музыкально-эстетического вкуса и потребностей и духовно-нравственного ее становления не может остаться в стороне от происходящих преобразований в стране в последние годы.

Необходимость данного поиска обусловлена важностью научного осмысления основы музыкального обучения и воспитания, выявлением научно-педагогических предпосылок, факторов, условий становления музыкального образования в конкретном регионе – Западно-Казахстанской области.

ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ТРЕНИНГОВОЙ ПРОГРАММЫ ПО ПРОФИЛАКТИКЕ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ВЫГОРАНИЯ У ТРЕНЕРОВ И ПЕДАГОГОВ

Абилкасимова Гульзам — 2026-03-02

В статье рассматривается эффективность тренинговой программы по профилактике профессионального выгорания у специалистов образовательной и спортивной сферы. Основное внимание уделено изучению динамики ключевых компонентов выгорания: эмоционального истощения, деперсонализации и профессиональной эффективности. Показано, что участие в тренинговой программе способствует снижению уровня эмоционального истощения и деперсонализации, а также повышению профессиональной эффективности. Результаты исследования подтверждают практическую значимость тренинговых вмешательств для укрепления психологической устойчивости специалистов

RESEARCH OF SENSORIMOTOR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE FORMATION OF EDUCATIONAL SKILLS AND ABILITIES IN STUDENTS OF GENERAL EDUCATION ORGANIZATIONS

Zh.K. Kenzheyeva — 2026-03-02

The formation of educational skills and abilities in students is a complex neurocognitive process that depends not only on intellectual functions but also on the integrity and development of sensorimotor mechanisms. In recent decades, interdisciplinary research at the intersection of pedagogy, neuropsychology, and biology has demonstrated that learning is deeply embodied, involving coordinated activity between sensory systems, motor functions, and higher cortical processes. This study investigates the sensorimotor mechanisms underlying the development of basic educational skills—such as reading, writing, calculation, attention regulation, and self-control—in students of general education organizations. The research integrates neuropsychological theory, biological principles of brain development, and pedagogical practice.

A mixed-methods research design was employed, combining neuropsychological diagnostics, classroom-based pedagogical interventions, and qualitative observation. The study involved students aged 9–14 and focused on the implementation of sensorimotor-based instructional strategies during regular classroom lessons. The findings reveal that targeted sensorimotor stimulation significantly enhances cognitive engagement, learning motivation, and academic performance. The results support the idea that educational skills are formed through the dynamic interaction of perception, movement, and cognition. The study highlights the pedagogical value of integrating sensorimotor approaches into everyday teaching practice and provides practical guidelines for teachers

КОМПЛЕКСЫ МЕДИ В КАЧЕСТВЕ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА

Айнур Тейюб Гизи Маммадова — 2026-03-02

Заместители, входящие в состав органической молекулы, имеют большое значение при изучении химических и физических свойств молекул, включая металлокомплексы, используемые в качестве катализаторов. Подобно тому, как электронная конфигурация комплексообразующего атома, используемого при синтезе комплексных соединений, влияет на процесс комплексообразования и стабильность комплекса, фрагменты-заместители, входящие в состав органических лигандных молекул, оказывают фундаментальное влияние на стабильность комплекса.

Число относительно нейтральных и практически электроноакцепторных (электроакцепторных) заместителей в органических лигандных молекулах довольно ограничено. В ходе исследований, проведенных учеными, было установлено, что электроакцепторные заместители ослабляют связь лигандных молекул с центральным атомом металла. К таким заместителям относятся группы, содержащие атомы фтора с высокой электроотрицательностью.

Например, особый интерес в этом отношении представляют заместители фтора, такие как трифторметильная (CF3) группа. Потому что эти заместители могут существенно изменять свойства молекулы по сравнению с их углеводородными аналогами [76-81]. Увеличение числа атомов фтора в молекуле заместителя приводит к усилению электроакцепторных свойств, что, в свою очередь, усложняет синтез комплексов на основе лигандов, содержащих этот тип заместителей.

DERECHO A LA INFORMACIÓN PÚBLICA A TRAVÉS DEL DERECHO DE PETICIÓN

NESTOR RAFAEL TRIVINO GARCIA — 2026-03-02

This essay seeks to describe what has been the normative and jurisprudential development adopted by both the Council of State and the Constitutional Court regarding the right to information, about to the provenance of providing information of a reserved nature through the right of petition, as is the case of resumes that rest in state entities, Without leaving aside the position of various writers and authors, because it is important to analyze and evidence if they have developed their relationship with documents that have legal reserve. On the other hand, this research is pertinent, taking into account that although the right of access to public information has been regulated by means of the right of petition, specifically of information that by its legal nature, is eminently reserved, at present we still find ambivalences, and even gaps in the norms that regulate this information of reserved character, Inasmuch as there are many documents that are not described in the norm as those that have legal reserve, or that their regulation leaves out some aspects, such as the case of the resumes of public officials. Likewise, this research is important for administrative law since it allows public sector institutions to be clearer with respect to those documents that by their legal nature enjoy the character of reserved, all the above making use of the hermeneutics the first and second level

THE DECLINE OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND ITS CONSEQUENCES

MEHDIYEVA AYTEN ALI — 2026-03-02

During the Late Empire, Rome had a very large territory. This state was in a state of deep decline in the 4 – 5^thcenturies. The level of agriculture decreased, most of the land was not cultivated, taxes were collected with crops, trade was limited, cities lost their importance, centers moved from cities to villages, and relations between provinces weakened. The decline of the empire, which began especially in the western provinces, was associated with the crisis of the slave – based production method from the end of the 2^ndcentury AD. Slavery gradually became a serious obstacle to the development of society. As a result, farms based on slave labor lost their importance and began to demand a change in the entire system. Colony acquired special importance in the economy of the late Roman Empire, playing an important role in the emergence of new feudal relations. In the western provinces of the empire, the internal structure of large landownership changed, and latifundia based on slave labor were replaced by villas. The emphyteusis system was widespread throughout the empire. However, the measures taken, the reforms carried out, the political and economic changes could not prevent the gradual collapse of the Roman Empire and the emergence of feudal relations. This state could not maintain its power and the unity of the country in the conditions of the crisis of the slave system, and at the end of the 4^th century AD the Empire was divided into two parts. In the 5^th century, the Western Roman Empire, which was subjected to barbarian attacks, was completely destroyed and a new page was opened on the stage of history.

Phonetic characteristics of exclamations in Turkic languages

Susan Fahraddin girl Huseynova — 2026-03-02

Interjections occupy a special place among the linguistic units that constitute the emotional-expressive layer of speech. Interjections in Turkic languages have unusual features both from a lexical-semantic and phonetic point of view. Their pronunciation often goes beyond the general phonological system, is characterized by non-standard sound combinations, extended vowels, intensive use of affricatives and fricatives, variability of intonation and stress. In this regard, interjections act as a peripheral, but extremely important component of the phonetic structure of Turkic languages.

In modern Turkological studies, mainly semantic and functional properties of exclamations have been investigated, while phonetic properties have often been relegated to the background. However, the communicative load of exclamations is closely related to their phonetic structure. In this subchapter, the phonetic properties of exclamations in Turkic languages are systematically analyzed, and their sound composition, phonotactic structure, intonation and prosodic indicators are examined in a comparative aspect.

Развитие межкультурной религиозной толерантности: практические модели в школах

Сембинова Адеми Аманкелдыевна — 2026-03-02

В современных условиях формирования открытого и многообразного общества развитие межкультурной религиозной толерантности среди школьников приобретает особое значение. Актуальность темы обусловлена необходимостью воспитания уважения к различным культурным и религиозным традициям, предотвращения дискриминации и формирования навыков мирного сосуществования. В статье рассматриваются практические модели, применяемые в школах: интеграция знаний о мировых религиях в учебный процесс, организация совместных проектов и мероприятий, использование интерактивных методов обучения, а также вовлечение семьи и местного сообщества. Эти подходы способствуют формированию у учащихся ценностей толерантности, социальной ответственности и уважения к культурным различиям