The problem of bioethics in the focus of the religious worldview of modern society

Abstract

The rapid development of bioethics in the late 20th and early 21st centuries can be described as a process of humanization of knowledge. Its interdisciplinarity - the result of a fusion of philosophy, medicine, law, sociology, and anthropology - transforms it into a space for dialogue about the future of the human race. Russia, which entered this dialogue at the end of the 20th century, also developed its own bioethical language, combining scientific rationality with the humanities tradition.

Thus, bioethics has become a kind of “conscience of modernity” - culture's response to its own scientific aspirations. It teaches us to see technological progress not only as a victory of reason but also as a test of humanity. In this sense, bioethics is not simply a new field of knowledge, but a form of philosophical self-knowledge of modernity, in which culture tests its capacity to be human.

Despite the intellectual power and rigor of metaethics, its analytical potential proved limited. The abstract-logical and linguistic approach, designed to clarify the structure of moral language, gradually exhausted itself, losing its connection with lived human experience. The moral world, reduced to the syntax of judgments and the analysis of meanings, became too distant from the reality of human experiences, conflicts, and choices. A new need arose: to return ethics to concreteness, to the dynamics of everyday existence, where morality manifests itself not in formulas, but in actions, motives, and relationships.