Revised Classification of Lost Circulation Materials and Treatments

Abstract

Drilling fluid losses are regarded as being one of the main causes of drilling downtime (NPT). LCMs (lost circulation materials) have indeed been frequently employed to reduce or eliminate losses. Owing to the enormous variety of presently available lost circulation materials and their many uses, categorization and testing of LCMs is critical. Typical LCMs are now divided into three groups depending on their presence: fibrous, flaky, granular, or a combination of the above. The most previous LCM categorization was released roughly half a century ago, and this research aims to fill that void with an updated classification that includes both traditional and contemporary technology. Researchers suggest reclassifying LCM’s into some groups according to their form and implementation: granular, flaky, fibrous, LCM's mix, acid, and water soluble, increasing liquid loss squeeze, swellable and hydratable combinations, and nanoparticles. Particles plugging apparatus (PPA) and HPHT fluid loss equipment in combination with slotted and tapered discs are used to assess LCM performance for remedial therapies. There is currently no one standardised testing technique or interpretation that measures LCM performance when preventative therapies are used to improve the fracturing gradient. The problem in standardising testing procedures stems from disagreements over the wellbore strengthening mechanism. This article highlights the most current breakthroughs in lost circulation materials, like plug integrity technologies and nano-technology, as well as providing a detailed overview of todays modern existing LCM’s.