Academics and Science Reviews Materials

PERSONALIZED ANESTHESIA: THE ROLE OF PHARMACOGENETICS IN THE SELECTION OF ANESTHETIC AND ANALGESIC AGENTS

Shishabay Kuanysh Ganiuly — 2026-02-02

Interindividual variability in responses to anesthetic and analgesic agents remains a major challenge in perioperative medicine and cannot be fully explained by conventional clinical factors alone. Pharmacogenetics offers a scientific framework for understanding genetic determinants of drug metabolism and pharmacodynamic responses, thereby supporting the development of personalized anesthesia strategies. This study aimed to analyze current scientific evidence on the role of pharmacogenetic factors in variability of response to anesthetic and analgesic agents and to evaluate the potential of pharmacogenetics for improving drug selection, patient safety, and clinical outcomes in perioperative care. A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Peer-reviewed clinical studies, cohort studies, randomized controlled trials, and systematic reviews published in English over the past 15 years were analyzed. Studies investigating associations between genetic polymorphisms and clinical outcomes related to anesthetic and analgesic drug response were included. Due to heterogeneity of study designs and outcome measures, qualitative thematic synthesis was applied. The strongest and most consistent pharmacogenetic associations were identified for opioid analgesics, particularly involving CYP2D6 polymorphisms affecting metabolism of codeine and tramadol. Clinically actionable genetic markers were also observed for malignant hyperthermia susceptibility linked to RYR1 mutations, directly influencing anesthetic drug selection. Evidence for pharmacogenetic effects on general anesthetics, sedatives, and neuromuscular blockers remains limited and inconsistent. Pharmacogenetic influences on postoperative pain and ICU sedation show potential but currently lack sufficient validation for routine clinical implementation. Pharmacogenetic information can improve anesthetic and analgesic drug selection in selected high-risk clinical contexts, particularly for opioid prescribing and prevention of genetically mediated anesthetic complications. However, current evidence does not support universal genotype-guided anesthesia protocols. Pharmacogenetics should presently be applied as a targeted precision-medicine tool, with broader implementation dependent on further prospective clinical trials, standardized clinical algorithms, and integration into perioperative decision-support systems.

CURRENT ISSUES IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF DOLICHOSIGMA ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC CONSTIPATION IN CHILDREN (Literature Review)

Terebaev Bilim Aldamuratovich — 2026-02-02

Impairment of the reservoir and evacuatory function of the large intestine leads to a number of causes that, in turn, may result in various complications. As a consequence, the quality of life of children deteriorates and, in some cases, disability may develop. According to clinical observations, pediatricians and gastroenterologists encounter complaints of chronic constipation and encopresis in 30% or more of cases. According to data from the literature, chronic constipation contributes to behavioral changes in children, intensification of neurotic manifestations, and increased aggressiveness.
According to the findings reported by Malykh A.L. (2011), children with chronic constipation and encopresis demonstrate persistently increased anxiety, heightened emotional sensitivity, and impairments in cognitive functions. Due to chronic endogenous intoxication, delays in physical development and hepatomegaly may also be observed [18].
Chronic constipation is divided into two main types: organic and functional. In most cases, chronic constipation is associated with an increased length of the colon compared to normal, referred to as dolichocolon, or with dilation, known as megadolichocolon. According to various authors, some consider these conditions variants of the norm, while others regard them as pathological. Available data indicate that these conditions account for 9–11% of all colonic anomalies. At the same time, elongation of the sigmoid colon (dolichosigma) is detected in 15% of cases and may itself serve as a contributing factor to constipation.
However, a wide range of nosological entities may be accompanied by chronic constipation, including Hirschsprung’s disease, spina bifida, Payr’s syndrome, and other disorders affecting the motor-evacuatory function of the colon [19].

CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC COLOSTASIS IN CHILDREN WITH DOLICHOSIGMA

Terebaev B.A. — 2026-02-02

Relevance. The normal frequency of defecation in childhood varies from 2–3 times a day to 3 times a week. However, in most cases of chronic colostasis in children with dolichosigma, it manifests as a systematic decrease in bowel movements and incomplete intestinal emptying over a long period, leading to stool compaction, expansion of the additional sigmoid colon loop, decreased receptor sensitivity, which ultimately causes progression of colostasis, disruption of the colonic biocenosis, and increased clinical symptoms.

Objective. To improve the outcomes of conservative treatment of chronic colostasis in children with dolichosigma.

Materials and Methods. From 2015 to 2025, 174 patients with chronic colostasis were hospitalized at the TSMU clinic, of whom 80 (45.9%) were diagnosed with dolichosigma (elongated sigmoid colon due to additional loops freely moving in the abdominal cavity). Among all examined patients, the compensated stage was detected in 53 cases (66.2%), the subcompensated stage in 21 cases (26.3%), and the decompensated stage, which is a severe clinical form of dolichosigma, in 6 cases (7.5%).

Results. Conservative therapy consisted of several stages and included: dietary regulation with prescription of a laxative diet; age-appropriate medications stimulating intestinal peristalsis, Forlax 4 g (polyethylene glycol), B-group vitamin complex, laxatives and antispasmodics; lyophilized probiotic complex “Bifolak®-Active” (containing more than 1 trillion beneficial bacteria per sachet/capsule); as well as daily cleansing enemas to develop the defecation reflex. Good and satisfactory results were observed in patients with compensated and subcompensated stages, including normalization of intestinal biocenosis, regular spontaneous bowel movements, and absence of anxiety and abdominal distension. Outcomes depended on early diagnosis and timely conservative therapy. In 5 of 6 patients with decompensated stage, conservative therapy was ineffective and surgical treatment (sigmoid colon resection) was required due to persistent constipation, non-reducible loops, and prolonged colostasis with fecal intoxication.

Conclusion. Comprehensive conservative therapy with Forlax and probiotics in children with dolichosigma is the most effective treatment approach, enabling regular spontaneous bowel movements, relief of abdominal pain, normalization of intestinal biocenosis, and improved quality of life. Surgical intervention is rarely required and indicated only in cases of ineffective conservative therapy, persistent chronic constipation with fecal stones, and severe cases leading to intestinal obstruction.

MODERN APPROACHES TO THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CHRONIC CONSTIPATION ASSOCIATED WITH DOLICHOSIGMA IN CHILDREN

Terebaev B.A. — 2026-02-02

Background. Chronic constipation in children remains one of the most common problems in pediatric gastroenterology and pediatric surgery, accounting for up to 25–30% of visits to specialized healthcare providers. Dolichosigma is one of the leading anatomical and functional causes of chronic constipation in childhood and is often accompanied by progressive disorders of colonic motor-evacuatory function, fecal impaction, and a decreased quality of life. In this context, the evaluation of modern conservative treatment methods, particularly osmotic laxatives based on polyethylene glycol, as well as the development of clear criteria for patient selection for surgical intervention, is of considerable clinical relevance.

Aim. To assess the clinical and diagnostic value of modern examination methods and the effectiveness of conservative therapy for chronic constipation associated with dolichosigma in children, with justification of strict indications for surgical treatment.

Materials and Methods. A prospective clinical observational study was conducted involving 86 children aged 3 to 15 years with chronic constipation associated with dolichosigma. The diagnosis was confirmed based on clinical findings and instrumental investigations, including abdominal ultrasonography and irrigography, which allowed assessment of the length, shape, and functional state of the sigmoid colon. The severity of constipation was evaluated according to defecation frequency, stool characteristics, intensity of abdominal pain, presence of fecal impaction, and signs of endogenous intoxication. Conservative treatment was the first-line approach and included non-pharmacological measures (dietary modification, optimization of fluid intake, and formation of a regular defecation reflex) as well as pharmacological therapy with an osmotic laxative—polyethylene glycol (PEG)—administered in age- and clinically appropriate doses. Treatment efficacy was assessed after 1, 3, and 6 months. Surgical intervention was considered only in cases of insufficient clinical response to prolonged comprehensive conservative therapy.

Results. Sustained clinical remission was achieved in 72 patients (83.7%) receiving conservative therapy with polyethylene glycol, manifested by normalization of stool frequency and consistency, reduction of abdominal pain, and resolution of symptoms of fecal intoxication. PEG demonstrated a high safety profile, good tolerability, and absence of dependence or electrolyte disturbances during long-term use. Conservative treatment was ineffective in 14 children (16.3%). This group showed signs of decompensated colonic motor-evacuatory dysfunction, recurrent fecal impaction, and significant deterioration in quality of life, which constituted indications for surgical treatment. Following surgical intervention, all operated patients demonstrated marked clinical improvement.

Conclusion. Modern management of children with chronic constipation associated with dolichosigma should be based on a stepwise and predominantly conservative approach. The use of polyethylene glycol is a pathogenetically justified, effective, and safe therapeutic option that allows clinical improvement in the majority of patients and significantly reduces the need for surgical intervention. Surgical treatment should be reserved for strictly defined indications, including failure of prolonged adequate conservative therapy and the development of complicated forms of the disease.

ЭКОСИСТЕМА ЦИФРОВОГО ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ

Череева Б.Т. — 2026-02-02

Цифровизация в настоящее время выступает одним из ключевых глобальных трендов современного экономического развития [1]. Темпы и глубина цифровых трансформаций экономических систем в значительной степени определяют уровень их технологического развития и долгосрочную конкурентоспособность. В то же время скорость и направленность процессов цифровизации обусловлены отраслевой спецификой трансформируемых экономических систем. Несмотря на то что внедрение цифровых инструментов способствует модернизации и оптимизации существующих бизнес-процессов [2], оно, как правило, не приводит к их радикальной трансформации, в отличие от процессов реинжиниринга [3].

АСПЕКТЫ УСЛОВИЙ ТРУДА РАБОТНИКОВ СТАНЦИЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО ОБСЛУЖИВАНИЯ

Бисенова Алтынайым Бауржанқызы — 2026-02-02

Трудовая деятельность работников станций технического обслуживания характеризуется воздействием комплекса факторов производственной среды и особенностей организации трудового процесса. Они оказывают влияние на здоровье, функциональную работоспособность и уровень профессиональной опасности персонала. Увеличение объема ремонтных работ, расширение автопарка и усложнение спектра выполняемых операций определяют необходимость и высокую актуальность оценки условий труда, направленной на сохранение здоровья и оптимизацию трудовой деятельности [1]

Особое значение при изучении условий труда имеет сочетание физической нагрузки и воздействия вредных факторов производственной среды, включая шум, вибрацию, загазованность и неблагоприятные микроклиматические показатели [2]. Источниками химических веществ являются выхлопные газы автомобилей, растворители, сварочные дымовые газы, гидравлические масла и другие материалы, используемые в процессе ремонта. Вдыхание выхлопных газов, сварочных и лакокрасочных аэрозолей может вызывать раздражение глаз и дыхательных путей, а длительное воздействие дизельного дыма - кашель, одышку и при многолетнем воздействии повышает риск развития заболеваний легких, кожи и мозга [3].

⁠РОЛЬ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО ТРАНСПОРТА В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ КОМФОРТНОЙ ГОРОДСКОЙ СРЕДЫ

Жандәулет Айша Маратқызы — 2026-02-02

Общественный транспорт является одним из ключевых элементов городской инфраструктуры, оказывающим комплексное влияние на социально-экономическое развитие мегаполиса и качество жизни его населения. В условиях высокой плотности застройки и значительных пространственных масштабов крупных городов именно общественный транспорт обеспечивает базовую мобильность жителей, доступ к рынку труда, образовательным и медицинским услугам, а также участие в социальной и культурной жизни. Качество жизни рассматривается как многомерная категория, включающая физическое, психологическое и социальное благополучие, при этом транспортная система признается важным фактором формирования всех этих измерений. Эффективно функционирующий общественный транспорт снижает транспортные барьеры, повышает чувство контроля над повседневной мобильностью и способствует более позитивному восприятию городской среды в целом [1,2].

СИНДРОМ РАЗБИТОГО СЕРДЦА

Ниетхавыл Мурат — 2026-02-02

Синдром Такоцубо это недостаточно изученное и диагностически сложное состояние, характеризующееся обратимой дисфункцией левого желудочка, которое по клиническим и электрокардиографическим проявлениям нередко имитирует острый коронарный синдром. Несмотря на транзиторный характер нарушений сократимости миокарда, данная патология может сопровождаться тяжёлыми осложнениями и неблагоприятными исходами. Более чем за 30 лет с момента выделения синдрома в самостоятельную нозологическую форму, патофизиологические аспекты его развития остаются предметом дискуссий, а точные механизмы возникновения до настоящего времени окончательно не установлены. Первоначально синдром рассматривался как редкое и доброкачественное заболевание, однако современные данные свидетельствуют о более высокой распространённости, риске рецидивирования и значимой смертности

UP-TO-DATE CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC ASPECTS OF RETINOBLASTOMA

Arman Khozhayev — 2026-02-02

This scientific and analytical work presents modern clinical and diagnostic data concerning the most common malignant intraocular tumor in children – retinoblastoma. The issues of etiopathogenesis, genetic and molecular features of this pathology, assessment of the role of biomarkers in diagnostics and prognosis of the disease are covered in detail. Promising directions for the development of new and improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, genetic causes of this pathology, possibilities of whole genome sequencing for studying the mutation landscape, currently used classification systems of retinoblastoma, available possibilities of clinical screening are described. The publication shows that studies of the molecular basis of the disease also led to deciphering subsequent events and, thus, to the discovery of biomarkers and associated targeted therapies. In addition, improvements in molecular biology methods contributed to the development of effective methods of early diagnostics, genetic counseling and disease prevention. The issues of visual acuity assessment and improving the quality of life of patients are also comprehensively considered

OPPORTUNITIES FOR MOTIVATING PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS TO LEARN IN AN INCLUSIVE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

Nurimbetova Balkenzhe — 2026-02-02

This article critically examines the multifaceted challenges and opportunities associated with fostering intrinsic motivation among primary school students within inclusive educational settings. The study investigates psychological, pedagogical, and technological determinants that influence engagement and learning outcomes of children with diverse educational needs. Particular emphasis is placed on differentiated instruction, adaptive teaching strategies, emotional scaffolding, cooperative learning, and the strategic integration of digital and assistive technologies. Drawing upon contemporary theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence, the article contends that the deliberate incorporation of motivational approaches into inclusive classroom practice significantly enhances learner engagement, promotes self-efficacy, facilitates peer interaction, and sustains long-term interest in learning across heterogeneous student populations.
Furthermore, the study situates these findings within a comparative international perspective, highlighting best practices from educational systems in North America, Europe, and East Asia. By integrating cross-cultural insights, the article provides evidence-based recommendations for educators, policymakers, and curriculum designers aiming to optimize motivation and inclusivity in primary education. These insights underscore the necessity of aligning pedagogical strategies with both individual learner profiles and broader systemic supports to foster equitable educational outcomes for all students.

DEVELOPMENT OF ATTENTION IN 7–8-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN WITH MILD INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES THROUGH MOBILE APPLICATIONS

Marat Kundereke Asankyzy — 2026-02-02

The article examines the pedagogical and psychological effectiveness of using mobile applications to develop attention in children aged 7–8 with mild intellectual disabilities. The study evaluates changes in indicators of attention concentration, stability, and shifting as a result of mobile application use. Based on American educational practices, a comparative analysis was conducted, and the pedagogical effectiveness of digital interventions was scientifically substantiated. The research findings demonstrate that the purposeful and systematic use of mobile applications enhances children’s cognitive functions, learning motivation, and engagement in independent activities.

FORMATION OF STUDENTS’ CIVIC AND SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH VALUE-ORIENTED EDUCATION

Murzabayeva Adel Talgatovna — 2026-02-02

This article examines, from a scholarly perspective, the formation of students’ civic and spiritual development through value-oriented education. The study was conducted within the context of general education schools and higher education institutions in Kazakhstan and includes a comparative analysis of the Character Education and Civic Engagement programs implemented in the United States. Data were collected using descriptive questionnaires, interviews with educators and administrative representatives, and a systematic review of the relevant literature.

The findings indicate that value-oriented education serves as an effective tool for fostering social responsibility, moral decision-making, and spiritual values. In addition, the study highlights the significance of project-based, interactive, and case-study methods in enhancing students’ civic and spiritual development. The article offers practical recommendations, including the development of integrated programs in schools and universities, the organization of pedagogical training, the strengthening of administrative support systems, and the adaptation of international best practices.

ENHANCING STUDENTS’ COGNITIVE INTEREST THROUGH THE USE OF GAME ELEMENTS IN KAZAKH LANGUAGE LESSONS

Duisenkali Dana Erlatkyzy — 2026-02-02

This study examines the impact of incorporating game elements into Kazakh language lessons on students’ cognitive interest, creative thinking skills, and active participation in classroom activities. The research employed descriptive and comparative analysis methods. The results of surveys and interviews indicate that the integration of game elements increases students’ engagement in lessons and interest in the subject, while also fostering the development of critical thinking skills.

In addition, an analysis of American pedagogical practices made it possible to scientifically substantiate the effectiveness of game-based methods. The findings demonstrate that the systematic use of game elements enhances students’ learning motivation and contributes to strengthening collaboration within the classroom. The study highlights both the practical and scholarly significance of applying game-based approaches in Kazakh language instruction

FORMATION OF COHERENT SPEECH IN SENIOR PRESCHOOL CHILDREN BASED ON THE MNEMONIC TECHNIQUE

Berdembayeva Nazgul Espaykyzy — 2026-02-02

This article examines the pedagogical effectiveness of employing mnemonic techniques in the development of connected speech skills among early childhood learners. The study analyzes practices from Singapore and the United Kingdom, highlighting the significance of play-based and visual tools in enhancing children’s memory, speech, and cognitive abilities. Findings obtained through pedagogical observation, surveys, and interviews demonstrate that the use of mnemonic methods actively facilitates the development of young children’s speech competencies, promotes creative thinking, and enhances the organization of speech as well as communicative skills. Moreover, the article provides methodological recommendations aimed at improving pedagogical programs in preschool educational settings and supporting the cognitive development of children

DEVELOPMENT OF COGNITIVE ACTIVITY IN PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS BASED ON SITUATIONAL TASKS

Amirzhanova Karlygash Bekzatkyzy — 2026-02-02

This study examines the effectiveness of situational tasks in fostering cognitive engagement among primary school students. The research was conducted on the basis of a comparative analysis of educational practices in Kazakhstan, China, Japan, and South Korea. A descriptive survey method was employed for data collection, involving 138 primary school teachers from both urban and rural schools in Kazakhstan. The results indicated that situational tasks significantly enhance students’ classroom engagement, problem-solving abilities, critical thinking, and collaborative skills.

Analysis of international practices demonstrated that in China, Japan, and South Korea, lessons incorporating visual aids, interactive games, and structured scenarios create conducive conditions for active learning and strengthen students’ cognitive motivation. Based on the findings, the study concludes that the systematic integration of situational tasks can align primary education in Kazakhstan with international practices and effectively support students’ cognitive development.

FEATURES OF THE USE OF ARTISTIC MODELING TECHNOLOGY IN COMPUTER GRAPHICS

K.KH.Zhunussov — 2026-02-02

A significant portion of human perception of the surrounding world is acquired through visual experience. This phenomenon leads to the predominance of visual imagery over textual representation in the process of learning, especially when information technologies are employed. With the advent of the digital era, the capabilities for visual representation of information have expanded at an unprecedented pace.
Today, numerous software applications exist that enable users to plot function graphs, perform constructions, and carry out mathematical proofs. These tools allow for the clear and rapid illustration of key concepts, thereby enhancing and stimulating students’ cognitive engagement. Moreover, they facilitate the optimal combination of practical and analytical activities in accordance with each student’s individual learning characteristics. The study of various computer graphics software tools is a highly relevant issue, as the informatization of society is currently at its peak. The aim of our research is to identify rational and optimal solutions for integrating information and educational technologies through the lens of artistic modeling. Particular attention is given to the role of artistic modeling in teaching students within the framework of computer graphics software. The use of artistic content in practical sessions provides learners with a system that offers diverse possibilities and supports both independent work and active learner participation. Instruction based on practical engagement fosters a clear understanding of the internal structure of the subject matter being studied. In our work, we examine the methodological aspects of artistic modeling in computer graphics; however, its effective development requires the collaboration of experts from various fields, including computer science, geometry, design, programming, and information technology.

FITNESS AND SPORTS-AND-HEALTH PHYSICAL CULTURE AS A FACTOR IN STRENGTHENING PUBLIC HEALTH

Zhilisbayev N.K. — 2026-02-02

The article examines the role of fitness and sports-and-health physical culture in the system of public health promotion. Modern approaches to the organization of health-oriented fitness programs and their impact on the physical, functional, and psycho-emotional condition of participants are analyzed. Special attention is given to the integration of fitness technologies into the system of mass physical culture and the prevention of chronic diseases. The necessity of applying scientifically grounded training methods, taking into account age-related, physiological, and individual characteristics of participants, is substantiated.

Әдебиеттік оқу сабағында оқушылардың оқу дағдысын қалыптастыру

Кожагельдиева С. — 2026-02-02

Мақалада оқушылардың білім сапасы мен оқу жетістігінің нәтижесі оның оқу дағдысына тікелей байланыстылығы, оқушылардың оқу дағдысының дұрыс қалыптасуы әрі қарай оқу жетістіктеріне, тілдік дамуына және оқу материалын игеруіне ықпал ететіндігі жайлы айтылады.

Оқушылардың оқу дағдыларын қалыптастыруға арналған әдістемелік ұсынымдар – оқу процесін жан-жақты ұйымдастыру жұмыстары қарастырылған

ҚАЗІРГІ БІЛІМ БЕРУ ЖҮЙЕСІНДЕ ӘЛЕУМЕТТІК ПЕДАГОГТАРДЫ ДАЯРЛАУДЫҢ ЕРЕКШЕЛІКТЕРІ

А.І.Айберген — 2026-02-02

Мақалада Қазақстандағы әлеуметтік педагогиканың ғылым ретінде және кәсіби іс-әрекет ретінде дамуы мен қазіргі жағдайы, білім беру мекемелеріндегі әлеуметтік педагогтың функциялары мен рөлі талданады

ЦИФРЛЫҚ БІЛІМ БЕРУ РЕСУРСТАРЫН ҚОЛДАНУДАҒЫ СТАНДАРТТАРДЫ ӘЗІРЛЕУ

Балгимбекова У.Б. — 2026-02-02

В статье рассматривается эффективность использования цифровых образовательных ресурсов (ЦБР) и важность разработки стандартов их применения. Цифровизация образовательного процесса в соответствии с современными требованиями является залогом получения качественного образования. В этом направлении актуальным является вопрос стандартизации с целью систематизации, оценки и унификации образовательных ресурсов

FORMATION OF STUDENTS’ RESEARCH SKILLS THROUGH SOFT SKILLS METHODS

Gulsan Zhadigerova — 2026-02-02

The modern education system focuses not only on subject knowledge but also on developing students’ research skills and critical thinking. In the 21st century, the use of soft skills methods has become an essential pedagogical tool, as they foster students’ communication, problem-solving, self-organization, and teamwork abilities. This article examines the formation of students’ research skills through the integration of soft skills methods into the educational process and provides both theoretical and practical analysis. The research results demonstrate that the application of soft skills methods significantly enhances students’ research competencies, critical thinking, and communication skills

Примбетова Анипа Кудайбергеновна

Примбетова Анипа Кудайбергеновна — 2026-02-02

Қазіргі таңда жаһандық білім беру кеңістігінде орын алып жатқан түбегейлі трансформациялар мен қарқынды өзгерістер педагогикалық ғылым мен практиканың алдына мүлдем жаңа стратегиялық міндеттер жүктеп отыр. Өркениеттің ақпараттық кезеңге өтуі, технологиялық прогрестің жеделдеуі және әлеуметтік сұраныстардың құбылмалылығы білім беру жүйесінің мазмұнын ғана емес, сонымен бірге осы саладағы басты тұлға – педагог мәртебесі мен оның кәсіби құзыреттілігіне қойылатын талаптарды қайта қарауды қажет етеді. Заманауи мектепке тек дайын білім жиынтығын беруші ретіндегі ретранслятор емес, керісінше, оқу үдерісін зерттеуші, жобалаушы және өз іс-әрекетін сыни тұрғыдан бағалай алатын рефлексиялаушы маман қажет. Осы тұрғыда педагогтің кәсіби іс-әрекетінің сапалық сипаттамасы ретінде рефлексиялық мәдениетті қалыптастыру мәселесі бүгінгі педагогикалық антропологияның өзекті өзегіне айналып, мұғалімнің тұлғалық және кәсіби кемелденуінің негізгі шарты ретінде қарастырылуда.

TEAM APPROACH AS SUPPORT IN THE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN WITH MOTOR DYSPRAXIA IN PRESCHOOL AGE

Barbora KOVÁČOVÁ — 2026-02-02

The present paper aims to emphasise the significance of a team-based approach in providing support to children diagnosed with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) within the context of preschool education. Developmental coordination disorder has been shown to impact not only motor skills, but also learning, self-confidence and social functioning in children. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of both strengths and weaknesses is essential. The paper identifies the child's main strengths, such as cognitive abilities, creativity, verbal expression and empathy, and weaknesses related to fine and gross motor skills, coordination of movements, slower pace of work and the risk of secondary emotional difficulties. An analysis is conducted in order to ascertain the strengths and weaknesses of the school as an educational environment. The strengths of the programme include an inclusive environment, an individual approach, cooperation with specialists and the use of differentiated methods. The weaknesses include limited time available to teachers, a lack of aids and an inconsistent approach to the child. The paper emphasises that coordinated cooperation between experts, teachers and parents enables the setting of individual interventions, supports the development of the child's strengths and mitigates the impact of their weaknesses. The utilisation of a team approach constitutes an effective strategy for promoting inclusion, optimising the educational process, and enhancing the quality of life of children diagnosed with motor dyspraxia within the preschool environment

Health–Physical Education in an Inclusive School Environment

Andrej HUBINÁK — 2026-02-02

The present study sets out to analyse the importance of health and physical education in an inclusive school environment and its impact on the health and physical development of pupils. The efficacy of health and physical education in preventing and correcting postural disorders, developing muscle strength, enhancing physical fitness, and establishing correct physical habits has been well-documented. It has been demonstrated that this programme enables pupils with health limitations or specific needs to participate in physical activities, thereby supporting their physical, psychological and social well-being. The paper also emphasises the importance of postural function, an individual approach to pupils and the formation of correct movement stereotypes from early school age. Concurrently, it underscores the correlation between posture, psychological state, and the overall quality of life of pupils in an inclusive environment. Consequently, the deliberate and methodical incorporation of physical education within an inclusive educational framework is imperative for the promotion of health, the prevention of diseases, and the comprehensive development of children's personalities.

ИНКЛЮЗИВНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ В ЦИФРОВУЮ ЭПОХУ: ОПЫТ ЕС ПО ВНЕДРЕНИЮ ИИ ДЛЯ ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ С ОСОБЫМИ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫМИ ПОТРЕБНОСТЯМИ

Жумабекова К.Б. — 2026-02-01

Статья посвящена развитию инклюзивного образования в условиях цифровизации и распространения инструментов искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) в странах Европейского союза. Обобщаются подходы ЕС к применению ИИ для поддержки обучающихся с особыми образовательными потребностями (ООП): ассистивные технологии на базе распознавания речи и текста, альтернативные форматы контента, персонализированная поддержка обучения, адаптивное оценивание и образовательная аналитика. Особое внимание уделено принципам универсального дизайна обучения (UDL), доступности (accessibility), этике и защите данных детей, а также организационным моделям внедрения (пилоты, подготовка педагогов, междисциплинарные команды сопровождения). Предложена модель внедрения ИИ в инклюзивной практике и набор рекомендаций для школ и педагогических вузов.

МОДЕРНИЗАЦИЯ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОГО МАСТЕРСТВА: ЛУЧШИЕ ПРАКТИКИ ЕС В ОБРАЗОАТЕЛЬНЫХ СРЕДАХ НА БАЗЕ ИИ

Жумабекова К.Б. — 2026-02-01

В статье рассматривается модернизация педагогического мастерства в условиях внедрения искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) в образовательные среды стран Европейского союза. На основе обобщения европейских стратегий цифрового образования, рамок компетенций педагогов и практик пилотирования ИИ-инструментов выделяются ключевые направления обновления профессионализма учителя: педагогический дизайн, основанный на данных; формирующее оценивание при поддержке ИИ; развитие ИИ-грамотности и медиаграмотности обучающихся; а также этико-правовые аспекты (конфиденциальность, справедливость, прозрачность и ответственность). Предложена структурно-функциональная модель модернизации педагогического мастерства и практические рекомендации для школ и вузов.

Machine learning in transportation: key applications and methods

Daniyar Raiymbekov — 2026-02-02

Machine learning (ML) has become a foundational technology in modern transportation systems, enabling data-driven decision-making across traffic operations, safety, logistics, and system-level planning. With the rapid growth of sensing technologies, connected vehicles, and large-scale mobility data, ML techniques are increasingly used to model complex, non-linear, and dynamic transport processes that are difficult to address using traditional analytical or rule-based approaches [1]–[4]. These methods support improvements in safety, operational efficiency, environmental sustainability, and user experience in both passenger and freight transportation.

Prediction of Suicidal Tendencies using Big Data Analytics on Social Media

Ayazhan Ramazanova — 2026-02-02

The rapid growth of social media platforms has created unprecedented opportunities for large-scale behavioral and linguistic analysis of mental health signals. Advances in big-data infrastructure, natural language processing (NLP), and machine learning (ML) have enabled the development of systems capable of detecting suicidal ideation and estimating short-term risk trajectories from online activity. Empirical studies demonstrate promising predictive performance across platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, and Reddit; however, these capabilities raise significant methodological, ethical, and governance challenges that necessitate cautious deployment and continuous human oversight [1], [12], [16].

AI Software Engineer Agents: Emerging Architectures and Directions

Alen Abeshov — 2026-02-02

AI “software engineer” agents aim to move beyond autocomplete-style coding to autonomously handling end-to-end software development tasks—requirements analysis, coding, testing, and maintenance—acting as team members in modern development workflows.

ИСКУССТВЕННЫЙ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТ В УПРАВЛЕНИИ МЕДИЦИНСКИМИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯМИ: СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ

Секренова Ж.А. — 2026-02-02

В последние годы искусственный интеллект (ИИ) становится все более значимым элементом различных сфер общественной жизни, включая систему здравоохранения. Развитие и внедрение интеллектуальных технологий открывают широкие возможности для повышения качества диагностики, лечения и профилактики заболеваний. Одним из ключевых направлений применения ИИ в медицине является совершенствование диагностических процессов. Использование алгоритмов машинного обучения позволяет с высокой точностью выявлять заболевания, определять стадии их развития и прогнозировать клинические исходы. В частности, методы компьютерной томографии, основанные на технологиях искусственного интеллекта, демонстрируют высокую эффективность в распознавании онкологических патологий, уточнении стадий заболевания и поддержке врачей при выборе оптимальной тактики лечения.

МЕДНЫЕ КОМПЛЕКСЫ КАК КАТАЛИЗАТОРЫ В СИНТЕЗЕ ЭТИЛЕНА

Айнур Тейюб Мамедова — 2026-02-02

Этилен является одним из важнейших базовых сырьевых материалов в современной химической промышленности. Он служит исходным материалом для производства полиэтилена, этиленоксида, этиленгликоля, стирола, винилхлорида и многих других стратегически важных продуктов. Объем производства этилена в мире считается одним из показателей уровня развития отрасли. Промышленное производство этилена и совершенствование методов его получения тесно связаны с химией катализа, в частности с разработкой металлических комплексов.

Медь и ее комплексы занимают особое место в химии этилена. Ионы меди широко используются как в синтезе, так и в процессах расщепления и активации, поскольку они могут образовывать π-комплексы с молекулой метилена.

В статье подробно рассмотрены основные методы синтеза этилена, структура медных комплексов, их каталитические и координационные свойства, механизмы и области применения.

MARGINALIZATION OF THE CHARITY SECTOR IN KAZAKHSTAN

Marat Erkezhan Maratkyzy — 2026-02-02

The article examines the process of marginalization of the charity sector in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the context of the transformation of public discourse and the decline in public confidence in civil society institutions. The relevance of the study is due to the growth of high-profile media scandals related to the activities of charitable organizations, as well as increased regulatory rhetoric from government actors, which contributes to the formation of a stable negative perception of charity as a social institution. With the dominant discourse of control and suspicion, charity work is increasingly losing its status as a socially acceptable practice and is perceived as a potentially risky and stigmatized form of civic engagement.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the mechanisms of the marginalization of charity as a social process, as well as to identify the role of public arenas and rhetorical strategies in the construction of this problem. The object of the study is public arenas and the content of statements and demands articulated in the media space and official sources; the subject is the marginalization of the charity sphere. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the constructivist approach to the analysis of social problems, the concept of public arenas by S. Hilgartner and Ch. Boska, a model of rhetoric of social problems by J. Best, as well as the typology of the rhetorical styles of P. Ibarra and J. Kitsuza. The empirical basis of the study was the case of Perizat Kairat, which has become widespread in the Kazakh media space and has become the subject of active public discussion. The analysis revealed that the predominant form of representation of the case is emotional-moralizing rhetoric, focusing on individual violations, moral responsibility and damage to public trust. At the same time, there is no clear distinction between private abuses and systemic characteristics of charitable activities, which helps to generalize a single incident to the level of a symbolic threat to the entire sphere.

РУХАНИ МӘДЕНИЕТ – ХАЛЫҚТЫҢ АСЫЛ МҰРАСЫ

Ауелгазина Толкын Кудайбергеновна — 2026-02-02

Бұл мақалада дүниетанымды, ұлттық бірегейлікті және жеке тұлғаның адамгершілік қасиеттерін қалыптастырудағы ұлттық және рухани мәдениеттің маңызы қарастырылады. Жалпы адамзат мәдениетінің ажырамас бөлігі ретінде қазақ халқының мәдени құндылықтарының, дәстүрлерінің, әдет-ғұрыптары мен рухани мұрасының рөліне ерекше назар аударылады. Философиялық, педагогикалық және этнографиялық тәсілдер негізінде "мәдениет", "рухани мәдениет" және "дәстүр" ұғымдарының мазмұны ашылады, олардың тәрбиелік әлеуеті атап өтіледі.

МОБИЛЬДІ СӘУЛЕТКЕ ҚАТЫСТЫ ЗЕРТТЕУЛЕРДЕГІ НАЗАРДАН ТЫС ҚАЛҒАН МӘСЕЛЕЛЕР

Минайдар Жәния Болатқызы — 2026-02-02

Қазіргі таңда мобильді сәулет (мобильді архитектура) урбанизация, көші-қон, климаттық өзгерістер және уақытша тұрғын кеңістіктерге деген сұраныстың артуы жағдайында өзектілігі жоғары бағыттардың бірі болып табылады. Дегенмен, мобильді сәулетке арналған ғылыми зерттеулердің басым бөлігі техникалық және конструктивтік аспектілерге шоғырланып, бірқатар маңызды мәселелер жеткілікті деңгейде қарастырылмай келеді. Бұл мақалада мобильді сәулет саласындағы зерттеулерде назардан тыс қалған әлеуметтік, экологиялық, мәдени және нормативтік аспектілер талданып, болашақ ғылыми ізденістерге арналған бағыттар ұсынылады

Социальный конструктивизм как ответ на кризис рациональности в современной эпистемологии

Мырза Ернат Айдынұлы — 2026-02-02

Статья посвящена проблеме рациональности в философии и её эволюции от классической парадигмы к современным социально-конструктивистским интерпретациям. Автор рассматривает критические взгляды на универсальность и объективность разума, начиная с философов Нового времени (Декарта и Канта) и переходя к идеям Томаса Куна, Людвига Витгенштейна, Мишеля Фуко и Питера Бергера. Особое внимание уделено социальному конструктивизму, который переосмысливает рациональность как динамический, культурно и социально обусловленный процесс. Конструктивизм сохраняет функциональность разума, адаптируя его к вызовам современности, таким как культурный плюрализм, биоэтика и технологические трансформации. Статья аргументирует, что этот подход позволяет преодолеть кризис рациональности, предлагая более гибкую и практико-ориентированную модель знания, сбалансированную между субъективностью и объективностью.

OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENHANCING LEARNERS’ COGNITIVE ENGAGEMENT THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS

Tulegenova Malika Baltabayevna — 2026-02-02

The study explores the potential of critical thinking development in enhancing learners’ cognitive activity within the educational process. Using a descriptive and analytical research design, data were collected through questionnaires and reflective tasks administered to learners and educators in different educational contexts. The study examined learners’ perceptions of learning tasks, their engagement in problem-solving activities, and their ability to analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information. The findings indicate that integrating critical thinking strategies into instruction significantly increases learners’ motivation, intellectual engagement, and independence. Learners who frequently engage in analytical and reflective activities demonstrate higher levels of cognitive involvement and deeper understanding of learning content. The study concludes that critical thinking development serves as a powerful pedagogical tool for activating cognitive processes and fostering sustainable learning outcomes

THE STYLISITC CHARACTERISTICS OF NON-ESSENTIAL SYNTACTICAL ELEMENTS

Gerok-Yerzhanova Oxana — 2026-02-02

Non-essential syntactical elements or redundant syntactical elements are stylistic devices that repeat or emphasize certain phrases or words in a text, often enriching its meaning and enhancing its aesthetic appeal. These devices can serve various functions in literature and rhetoric.

Сегіз қырлы бір сырлы жырау феномені

Құндақбаева Ләйлі Шегебайқызы — 2026-02-02

The article examines the creative personality of Almas Almatov, a prominent representative of contemporary Kazakh zhyrau art, from the perspective of the “multi-faceted yet integral zhyrau” phenomenon. The author provides a comprehensive analysis of the zhyrau’s performance mastery, continuity with the traditional zhyrau school, repertoire characteristics, and his role in promoting national spirituality. In addition, Almas Almatov’s multifaceted activities as a performer, educator, researcher, and preserver of cultural heritage are highlighted. The study also addresses issues of transformation and continuity of the zhyrau tradition in the modern era, emphasizing the significance of Almas Almatov’s personality in the spiritual and cultural space of Kazakhstan.

AZERBAIJANI-BRITISH RELATIONS (1918-1920): FROM WAR TO COOPERATION

Ismail N. Khagani — 2026-02-02

This article examines Azerbaijani-British relations from 1918 to 1920 and explains how these relations, which began in wartime, gradually transformed into cooperation, as well as the reasons for this change. The author also briefly describes Azerbaijani-British relations from the Middle Ages to the present day, examining a broader timeframe.

A researcher who has addressed this topic, a subject studied for the first time in historiography, asserts that the military conflict between the English and Azerbaijani peoples (August-September 1918) arose not from direct relations between these peoples, but from the Caucasian policies of opposing imperialist alliances during World War I and their military-political struggle to bring the Caucasus into their spheres of influence. The author's historical facts, which characterize the gradual change in Azerbaijani-British relations in 1918-1920, as well as a brief chronological picture of relations between the Azerbaijani and English peoples (and the states they founded) from the Middle Ages to the present day, support the credibility of his main conclusion (expressed in the previous sentence).

While the main facts of the study, in accordance with the topic of the article, cover the relations between the People's Republic of Azerbaijan and Great Britain (1918-1920), a small amount of supporting historical evidence pertains to the relations between the Safavid state, founded by an Azeri (Turkic) dynasty in the Middle Ages, and Great Britain, and in the modern period, to the cooperation between the Republic of Azerbaijan (Caucasian Azerbaijan), which legally separated from the Soviet Union, and Great Britain. The author notes that, based on generally accepted historical data, the first capital of the Safavid Empire was Tabriz, originally founded on the territory of the modern Iranian province of Azerbaijan, and later covering the entire territory of Iran, the provinces of Baghdad and Mosul in Iraq, Western Afghanistan and Pakistan [1].

The challenges that faced by school psychologists in the educational process

Malahat Mehdi Nuriyeva — 2026-02-02

There are psychological support services and support areas that can help a person to have a healthy personality, to be harmonious and happy with themselves and their environment, to develop themselves, and to overcome psychological difficulties (Tan, 1992). One of these services is psychological counseling and guidance. Psychological counseling and guidance aims to help individuals who have difficulty finding effective solutions to the problems they experience. Seeking help from an expert in a matter, and having that expert guide the way to a solution, is as old as human history. Since ancient times, humankind has sought help from others when faced with a different situation and a difficulty. The concept of psychological counseling and guidance is within social life. By telling their troubles to someone they trust, people gain new information about the problem and can look at the problem from a new perspective. Thus, they can begin to see the unseen aspects of the problem better. However, the decisions that guide an individual's thoughts and actions are entirely their own (Tan, 2000).

ЦИФРЛЫҚ БІЛІМ БЕРУДЕГІ ДИЗАЙН САЛАСЫНДАҒЫ ПЕДАГОГИҚАЛЫҚ ОҚЫТУ

Асанова С. Ж. — 2026-02-02

Бұл мақалада жаңа оқу бағдарламаларын, курстарын және сабақтарын жобалау және құрудың тиімді инновациялық әдістері мен әдістемелері қарастырылады. Сонымен қатар магистранттардың оқу дизайны мен технологиясы бойынша дағдыларын дамытуға бағытталған. Оқытуды жобалаудың мәні, рөлі, орны және міндеттері туралы түсініктерін дамытады, оқуды жобалаудың жалпы принциптерін, механизмдерін және іске асыру әдістерін кәсіби жұмысында қолданады

THE EVOLUTION OF THE ILLUSTRATION OF THE NATIONAL IDEA IN THE VISUAL ARTS

Беркимбаева А.Б. — 2026-02-02

Тақырып бойынша қойылып отырған идеяның мазмұнын ашу, алдымен, бірегейленудің себептерін, ұлттық идеяның мәнін, оның өнердегі көріністерін қысқаша сипаттап алуды қажет етеді. Әлемдегі әрбір халықтың бірегейленуі (идентификациясы) оның руханиятымен астасып жатыр. Бірегейлену тарихи эволюцияда мынадай жағдайларда табиғи түрде көрініс табады деп тұжырымдай аламыз:

- халықтың ұлттық болмысына нұқсан келіп, ділі мен тілі, әдет-ғұрпы мен сал-дәстүрі құлдырауға ұшырағанда немесе жойылу жағдайында; Осы үдеріске кері реакция ретінде ұлт өзінің болмысын қайтадан өзіне шақырады.

- ұлт немесе олар құрған мемлекет өзінің әлемдік саяси сахнадағы беделін арттыра түсу қажеттігі туғанда; Мемлекет өзін әйгілеу үшін ұлттық болмысы мен мемлекеттік мүддесін қайтадан оятып, күшейте түсуді қалайды.

- халық саны азая түскенде; Аз халықтың демографиялық тұрғыдан жер бетінен жойылып кету қаупіне сәйкес, олар болмысын одан әрі арттыра түсуді қалайды

Nipah Virus: Molecular Biology, Cellular Pathogenesis, Microbiological Features, and Epidemiological Perspectives

David Aphkhazava — 2026-02-02

Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic paramyxovirus that poses a significant threat to global public health due to its high case fatality rate, broad host range, and potential for human-to-human transmission. Since its first identification in 1998–1999, recurrent outbreaks have been reported primarily in South and Southeast Asia, highlighting its capacity for regional persistence and epidemic emergence. This review provides a comprehensive overview of Nipah virus from molecular biology, cell biology, and microbiological perspectives, integrating these insights with current epidemiological knowledge. We discuss the genomic organization, structural proteins, and replication strategy of NiV, emphasizing virus–host interactions at the cellular level, including receptor usage, cell entry mechanisms, immune evasion, and cytopathogenesis. Microbiological characteristics such as viral stability, transmission routes, and host tropism are also examined. In parallel, the epidemiology of Nipah virus is reviewed, including its natural reservoir in Pteropus fruit bats, modes of spillover to humans, outbreak patterns, and socio-environmental drivers of transmission. Finally, the review highlights current challenges in surveillance, diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccine development, underscoring the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to understanding and controlling Nipah virus disease.